Kwa mbiri yayitali, nkhondo zambiri ndi ziwopsezo zidagwera gawo la mavu, omwe anthu aku Cuba adatha kupanga monyadira komanso modzikuza. Chifukwa cha kulimba komanso kulimba mtima kwawo, dziko la maboni linayamba kutcha chilumba chaufulu cha ufulu. Cuba ndi ngodya yachilendo padziko lapansi. Chilichonse ndi chosiyana ndi dziko lonse lapansi.
Anthu akusuma omwe amakhazikitsa kuchokera m'mafuko osiyanasiyana, mayiko ambiri, omwe anali mtundu wa mtundu watsopano wa fuko latsopano. Masiku ano, kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kumawonedwa ku Cuba. Poyerekeza - zaka mazana awiri zapitazo, chiwerengero cha ma Cuba chinali anthu 1 miliyoni, ndipo masiku ano chimaposa chiwerengero cha 11 miliyoni. Ndi ziti - zowoneka bwino komanso zomveka? Kodi mbiri ndi zikhalidwe zawo zikusonyeza chiyani?
Mbiri Ciban
Poyamba, Cuba adakhala mafuko a amwenye a gulu la Aravak ndi mafuko angapo akufika ndi Haiti. Komabe, pakubwera kwa Spaniards, zinthu zisintha kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu akunja chinamangirizidwa kumadera akutali a chilumbachi. Oyimira ambiri a anthu aku India adamwalira pankhondo zosatha ndi wogonjera ku Europe. Palibe chocheperako chomwe chidabweretsa matenda opatsirana.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa a Aboriginal, a Spaniards amafunika kubweretsa akapolo akuda. Mayiko ena a ku Africa adabweretsa chikhalidwe chawo mu zikhulupiriro zakomweko zakomweko zakomweko. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, chipembedzo cha Yoruba chinawonekera pa Cuba, yemwe nyumba yake imawerengedwa kuti ndi Nigeria. Kukula kwakukulu, mtunduwo unapangidwa ndi fuko losakanizika (methsami, mututs), komanso monga chizindikiro (nzika zoyera pachilumbacho).
Pamapeto pa zaka za XVIIII, malo atsopano amakhala ku Cuba. Tsopano izi zili kale Chifalansa, Italiya, Amwenye aku Mexico. Maonekedwe awo anali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chakomweko, ndipo chimasinthiratu kusakanikirana kosasinthika kwa miyambo yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kwa Africa kupita ku European ndi India.
Mu 1898, Cuba imatuluka kuchokera pansi pa mphamvu ya Spain. Ma Cuba akupanga mwachangu kulima nzimbe ndi kugulitsa shuga. Makampani angapo amapangidwa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimawonetsedwa bwino m'zachuma chino. Pa chilumbachi, chomwe chalandira ufulu wake, mawonekedwe a anthu amayamba kupangidwa, kalasi yogwira ntchito ndi nthumwi za alcriteriasia ikuwoneka.
Chilankhulo ndi zikhulupiriro za CAB
Masiku ano, mayere ambiri amalankhula chilankhulo chawo, omwe ndi chilankhulo cha Ciban Spanish. Classic Spanish yakhala chilankhulo ku Cuba. Nthawi yomweyo, amakhala ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi Cuba Nascha. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri pamakankhulidwe a Cuba ali ndi mawu amtundu waku Africa kapena waku India, chifukwa chake, anthu aku Spain sangathe kuwamvetsetsa.
Ambiri a Cuba anali Akhristu. Katolika adafalikira pachilumbachi panthawi ya ku Spain ulamuliro. Nthawi yomweyo, lero mutha kukumana ndi anthu omwe amavomereza mayendedwe ena achipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, mabanja ambiri a osamukira kudziko lina ochokera ku Africa samakhulupirira zikhulupiriro zakale za makolo.
Samba zinayamba kwambiri ku Cuba - mtundu wapadera wa chipembedzo, womwe udzapezeka pamaziko a zikhulupiriro za Africa ndi Chikatolika. Chosangalatsa, ngakhale munthawi yathu ino, si onse otsatira Saweria amadziwika mu izi (ngakhale palibe amene amawatsutsa).
Cholinga cha izi panali chizunzo chakale cha ku Spaniards, chomwe kukakamiza akapolo aku Africa kuti atenge Chikhristu. Akapolo opatulidwa anakakamizidwa kuti asonyeze kudzichepetsa, koma sanakane ku malingaliro awo.
Othandizira owetera dzuwa amakhulupirira kuti chilichonse padziko lapansi nthawi ina adapangidwa ndi Mulungu m'modzi, koma adamvera milungu ndi mizimu ya "gawo lachiwiri". Amalamuliridwa kuposa mphamvu zachilengedwe ndi anthu, chifukwa chake, amafunikira ulemu wokhazo. Zingano zambiri za Sunwala kudali chikhulupiriro mu miyambo yamatsenga, kulumikizana ndi mizimu ndi kudzipereka.
Kodi okhala ku Cuba amawoneka bwanji?
Monga maphunziro a genetic akuwonetsa, kuchuluka kwa magazi a India m'makaida amakono ndi kochepa kwambiri. Popeza zaka mazana ambiri ku Cuba panali kusakanikirana kosalekeza kwa mafuko osiyanasiyana, ma Cuba nawonso adasandulika anthu, omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri yakunja (kutengera mtundu wobadwa wa makolo).
Mitundu yotsatirayi ya anthu aku Cuba imawerengedwa kuti:
- Africa. Anthu awa akulengeza bwino kwambiri mawonekedwe a neoto. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi khungu lakuda, mphuno yotalikirana, tsitsi lakuda kwambiri.
- Zoyera. Awa ndi ana a ku Spain kapena azungu, omwe sanabwerere pachilumba cha ufulu.
- Mulatto. Fotokozani kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Africa ndi ku Europe. Ikhoza kukhala anthu omasuka khungu ndi tsitsi lopindika.
- Metisia. Ndi mbadwa za Amwenye ndi azungu. Osiyana ndi khungu lakuda ndi mawonekedwe abwino a nkhope.
Kugona Ciban
Ngakhale kuti ma Cuba omwe alipo kumenewa sakhala ngati makolo awo a Amwenye akunja, nyumba zachikhalidwe zimakhalabe ndi nyumba yaku India, yomwe anthu achilumba cha chilumbacho nthawi ina amakhala. Pamwamba pa denga lake ndi yokutidwa ndi masamba akulu a kanjedza.
Mawindo m'malo oterewa sanaperekedwe, chifukwa cholinga chachikulu cha kuuka kwaukadaulo ndikuphimba anthu omwe ali ndimvula yambiri yotentha. Nthawi yake yambiri ndikuphika ma Cuba amatenga mumsewu pafupi ndi nyumbayo.
Ma Cuba - anthuwa ndi owala m'mbali zonse. Zovala zawo zachikhalidwe, zosakaniza zazifupi, kukoma kwapadera, komwe kumatha kupangidwa pa chilumba chodabwitsa chongacho, kunawapanga mtundu wapadera. Popeza anali atadutsa pamavuto ambiri komanso kuphedwa, ma Ruba sanataye zida zokondwerera komanso zachikhalidwe chosangalatsa kwa makolo awo. Alendo ambiri komanso masiku ano amazindikira kuti Cuba ndi chilumba chabwino kwambiri pachilumba.