Chithandizo chankhanza muubwana chimatha kuonedwa ngati mtundu wa "ukapolo", wonyoza mwana akaona kuti amatha kuthawa.
Wolemba: Shahid Arab
Kutanthauzira ndi chidule: Anna skhotitina, psychotherarapist
"Zovuta zovuta zimayang'anira moyo wonse. Ana ambiri omwe amachitidwa zachiwawa amagwiritsitsa chiyembekezo chakuti kukula kudzamasulira. Koma munthu amene adapanga zomwe akufuna kuchita zokakamizidwa sakukakamizidwa kuti akhale wamkulu. Kupulumuka pambuyo pa kuvulala kumakhalabe ndi mavuto ofunikira ndi kudalirika, momasuka komanso zoyambitsa. Ntchito yofulumira kwambiri kudzera pa kudziyimira pawokha komanso kuyandikira ikukumana ndi zovuta zazikulu pakupanga kudzilimbitsa, luso komanso kukumbukira, komanso kuthekera kopanga ubale wokhazikika. Amakhala andende a ubwana wawo; Kuyesa kupanga moyo watsopano, amakumananso ndi vutolo, "- Judith Hidinar," zoopsa ndi kubwezeretsanso: Zotsatira za ziwawa - kuchokera ku ziwawa zapakhomo "
Opulumuka pambuyo pa kuvulala kovuta akukumana ndi vuto lomwe anthu ochepa angamvetse: amakakamizidwa kuti ayang'ane ndi zinthu zatsopano, kuyesera kuti athetse nthawi yomweyo zoyambitsa zakale. Kuti muthane ndi zigawo izi zovulaza, muyenera kulimba mtima, kuthandizira ndi nthawi. Njira yopita kuchiritso la munthu yemwe adapulumutsidwa ndi kuvulala kovuta, komwe kumakhala ndi magwero angapo, ambiri. Zowona zonse za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimakhala ndi vuto lovuta zimadzazidwa ndi zowopsa zazing'ono zomwe zimaphatikizidwa m'ming'alu yayikulu mu nkhondo ya zamaganizidwe, yomwe ndi psyche yawo. Opulumuka pambuyo pa chiwawa ndi kuvulala kwina kumayang'anizana ndi vuto la kawiri: Iwo samawapondereza ndi anzawo, koma nthawi zambiri amaponderezedwa ndi achibale, anthu ena ovomerezeka. Chiwawa chikamalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zina zojambulajambula kapena zochitika za moyo, kuvulala mosakayikira kumakhudza kwambiri. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiani mwana akamanyoza komanso kusukulu, ndipo kunyumba, ayenera kukhala kuti? Zotsatira zake zimasungidwa ndi chiyero chotani kuposa chiyero, pomwe sichokhangoganiza, komanso makolo amazizunza Nanga bwanji za nkhanza za nkhanza mwankhanza - mtundu wa kupezerera, zomwe zikuchitika zaka zambiri pa moyo wa mwana, zomwe sizili zachipongwe?
Zotsatira za kupezerera anzawo
Munthu amene moyo wake wonse adakhalapo milandu ingapo yazachipatala, kuphatikizapo, pazinthu zina, kuvutitsa ena, kunyalanyaza nkhanza kapena kuchitira nkhanza makolo, kuyambira ndili mwana, nthawi yomweyo Zovuta zingapo zingapo zimamanganso ulemu, kuphwanya chizindikiritso, kudziona tokha komanso kosokoneza.
Malinga ndi bersel Der Rka, kuvulala kumapangitsa ubongo kuthana ndi zoopsa, osakumbukira zochitika zamasiku ano. Opulumuka pambuyo povulala, kupangidwa kuti ayesetse kuwononga konse, kulolera konse kololeza kwa mantha ndi kusowa thandizo. Kuvutitsa ena kumapangitsa kuti anthu azichita zinthu zina komanso kuchita maphunziro am'mimba komanso maphunziro omwe amakumana nawo; Ozunzidwa nthawi zambiri amataya sukulu, kudzipha, kuvulaza psychoactive psychoactive zinthu, kulimbana ndi nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa komanso kudandaula.
Ngati mwana amachitiridwa zachipongwe popanda thandizo kuchokera kwa achibale kapena anthu osokoneza bongo, kupsinjika kwa pozindikira moyo wa mwana kumakulitsidwa ndikuwonetsa zoopsa kuti zipitirize. Mwanayo adasiyidwa ndi achibale kapena oyang'anira sukulu m'mikhalidwe yovuta amakhala akuvutika kwambiri.
Malinga ndi likulu la kukula kwa mwana ku Harvard University, "osadera nkhawa amuna, kupsinjika kosasinthika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha umphawi wadzaoneni, kunyalanyaza, kufooketsa kwa amayi, kungafooketse ntchito za Kupanga Ubongo ndi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali yophunzitsira, machitidwe, komanso thanzi komanso thanzi. "
Kuvulala kovuta ndi vuto la zovuta
Ngakhale kuvulala kamodzi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chitukuko cha vuto la post-zopweteka kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro zomwe zimapitilira vuto lalikulu - izi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta kwambiri. Judith Anmarman adatanthauzira mawu oti "kusokonezeka koopsa" pofotokozera zomwe zimachitika munthu akadakumana ndi ufulu wozunzidwa komanso kuwonongeka kwa mabanja okwatirana, Msasa wa akaidi ankhondo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makampani a ana. Kuphatikiza pazifukwa zachilendo zamavuto owopsa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukhala maso kwambiri, kuphatikizira, kudzipatula, munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lowopsa, kuzindikira, kudziona, kudzipha, kumasokoneza malingaliro osokoneza bongo zachiwawa komanso kuphwanya maubwenzi osokoneza bongo.
Chithandizo chankhanza muubwana chimatha kuonedwa ngati mtundu wa "ukapolo", wonyoza mwana akaona kuti amatha kuthawa. Malinga ndi katswiri wothandizira-zotulutsa zamankhwala a Pita Walker, zovulaza zambiri zamkati zitha kubweretsa malingaliro osokoneza bongo omwe amapangitsa kuti "remissictions" kubwerera ku kuvulala koyambirira kwa zakale. Ngakhale ma ptsd ovuta nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zachiwerewere kwanthawi yayitali kapena zakuthupi, woyenda bwino, kunyalanyaza ndi chiwawa kumathanso kukhala vuto. Zowonadi, ma studies ambiri amatsimikizira kuti zachiwawa za mawu ndi m'maganizo zimatha kuvulazanso ubongo woyambirira womwe mukukhala nawo, komanso chiwawa chakuthupi (Teicher, 2006; COPELE, 2013).
Kubala Kuvulala: Kubwereza kwamitundu
Gawo la PTSD yovuta ndikuti othandizira amatcha "kukakamiza kubwereza." M'bukhu lake, zomangira zoperekera mbiri: Kumasulidwa ku ubale wozunza "Patrick Karnes analemba kuti:" Mwa zina, kubwereza, kubwereza kutsutsa kuvulaza. Kubwereza zokumana nazo, wochitidwayo adayesetsa kuti athe kupeza njira yochotsera mantha. Koma m'malo mwake, wovutikayo amangokulitsa bala lopweteka. " Zimapita osanena kuti kuchuluka kwa zovulala zomwe munthu amakumana nazo nthawi imodzi zimalimbikitsa mphamvu zongobwereza. Kuvulala kosakanikirana ndi kuvulala kwina kumawonjezera chiopsezo chonse chobwereza kuvulala kwaukali.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti phunziroli linasonyeza kuti ana awo ndi anzanu salankhulidwa bwino, nthawi zambiri kuposa ana, omwe amangokambirana naye, akuwonetsa mavuto akulu ndi thanzi la m'maganizo. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zazikulu za zovulala izi, komanso nkhondo yamthupi komanso m'maganizo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kukambirana mkatikati, ndikumakhazikika pazachipatala Chithandizo.
Amatha kumenyera manyazi manyazi, omwe ayenera kukhala a olakwira awo, ndikupanga njira zosasinthanirana ndi iwo. Makina a Deadapiwa amayesa kuvulaza osakhulupirika, akuluakulu kwambiri amakhala ndi zowononga zomwe sizingakuthandizeni komanso kuvulaza. Kupulumuka ndi kuvulala kophatikizidwa, kumatha kusaka njira zosatetezeka zobwezeretsanso (mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena kudya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, etc.) poyesa kupulumuka pamavuto. Manyazi owopsa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuvulala komanso chithandizocho kumatha kukhala ndi mitundu yotereyi ngati kusunga chipongwe chosokoneza, kusokonezeka kwa chiwerewere, kuti zisakhale ndi vuto lofuna kupewa kuvulaza pazisonyezo .
Mwachitsanzo, phunziroli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ubwana wathu "unawonetsa kuti kusalandira chithandizo chamankhwala osati kumangowonjezera mavuto azaumoyo, monga kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a mtima, kumawonjezera vuto lakuda, kukhumudwa, kuyesera kwambiri, Mimba 12 ya Std, etc.
Kubalana kwa kuvulala m'mbuyomu sikungochitika, koma zotsatira zake zangovulala.
Kudzipatula, nkhawa ndi ubale wowononga
Chizindikiro china cha kuvulala kovuta limodzi ndi kupezerera anzawo ndi kudalira kowonjezereka kwa chikhalidwe komanso kudzikuza ngati njira yodzitetezera; Ozunzidwa a Hooligan nthawi zambiri amakana kukhala kusukulu kuti apewe malo omwe kupezerera anzawo kunachitika. Amatha kuchita mantha ndipo sakhulupirira kuti anzanu kapena anthu olemekezeka, makamaka ngati akudziwa kuti anthuwa sanachite chilichonse kuti awateteze. Uku ndi kukhulupirika kwapakati pa kukhulupirika peresenti, mwatsoka, sikupangitsa kuti anthu opulumuka akwaniritse izi muubwenzi. Kuvulala kwa ana nthawi zonse kumakhala kovuta, kumakhala kosakhazikika kwa thupi ndikusiya thupilo nthawi zonse kukhala lotalikirana kwambiri ndikusangalala kwambiri (perry, 2000).
Kusanduka kwa abwenzi apamtima, mabanja kapena ngakhale okwatirana angayambitse panterne karnes kumatcha "ubale wonyenga" komanso zoopsa zamaganizidwe. Zomangirazo ndizovulala - izi ndi zomangira zomwe zimayamba pakati pa ozunzidwa ndi ophwanya awo; Maunguluwa amakhala ngati zoteteza zomwe zimalola kuti anthu avutike akhale osakhazikika komanso osakhazikika.
Ndinakumana ndi anthu kusukulu ndipo masukulu amatha kukhala ndi zizolowezi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ena ayambire kuti akuyenera kuyenda muubwana ngati kuti ali ndi mazira. Zinthu zomwe opulumuka amakhala osagontha m'maganizo komanso m'maganizo, zingawakakamize kuyang'ana okwatirana ndi omwe amawakumbutsa za ogwiririra nawo oyamba atakula.
Ana akamanyoza, amakhala achikulire, amazindikira kuti anali "wowadziwa", malo otonthoza, omwe amawagwira mumsampha wobwereza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ambiri omwe adapulumuka ovuta amadziimba mlandu ndikupitiliza 'kudziletsa okha ndi zodziletsa, osadziwa kuti kubereka kwa vutoli nthawi zambiri kumachitika .
Kuchiritsa kuvulala kovuta
Ngakhale panali zovuta za kuvutika kwa kuvutika, pali chiyembekezo cha kuchiritsa komanso kudziwonetsa. Opulumuka pambuyo pakuvulala kovuta amatha kutanthauzira chikumbumtima chawo, kuphatikiza njira zachikhalidwe zamankhwala, Emdnosis, mankhwala ena omwe amagwira ntchito ndi thupi lomwe limawalola kuti apumule.
Njira zochiritsa zizikambirana nthawi zonse ndi katswiri wovomerezeka kuti akwaniritse zosowa zake zapadera ndi zoyambitsa. Opulumuka angaphunzire kung'ung'udza za zotayika zomwe adapulumuka onse ali ndiubwana ndipo m'kukula, kuti amvetsetse nkhawa zonse zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera ku kuvulala kovuta. Amatha kuphunzira kudzipatula ku zokambirana zolakwika ndi iwo ndikuphunzira "kubwezeretsa" mwana wawo wamkati mothandizidwa ndi njira zodalirika.
Amatha kufunafuna thandizo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi anthu ena omwe avulala, abwenzi odalirika kapena aphunzitsi, pamagawo apamaneti onena za intaneti. Chofunika kwambiri, amathanso kutsanzira nkhani zawo zokhudzana ndi kusowa thandizo pa nkhani zokhudzana ndi mphamvu ndi ufulu wochita.
Za wolemba wa Shahid Arab - womaliza maphunziro a yunivesite ya Colombia, komwe adaphunzirapo kanthu kwa ziwawa chifukwa cha zomwe akuzunzidwa. Alinso wolemba wa opambana atatu. Mutha kupeza bulogu yokhudza kugwirana kwankhanza komanso kuvulala kwambiri podzisamalira.