SESEKAN Riznin - Kodi anatana otchuka anali ndi mtsogoleri uti?

Don Conssack ndi Atanaan Stepan Ramin adalowa mu nkhani yodzaza ndi mutu wa nkhondo yangozi yomwe ikuwala ku Russia mu 1670-1671. Kwa anthu ambiri, dzina lake limagwirizanitsidwa ndi zigawenga ndi kuwonongeka. Kupanduka pansi pa utsogoleri wa khoma la ranzin kunalidi tsamba lomvetsa chisoni komanso wamagazi onena za mbiri ya Russia.

Ngakhale izi, umunthu wa Stepan sayenera kuganiziridwa motere - sanali wopanda ulemu komanso kutalika kwa mzimu. Itha kutchedwa mtsogoleri wadera kwambiri, amene adakhala "kholo" la zovuta zonse. Kodi moyo wa Skien anali bwanji? Kodi chimadziwika ndi chiyani chotsutsana ichi komanso chovuta?

Zaka Zoyambirira

A Stepan TimofEevichik Rasin adabadwa mu 1630 mu banja la Cossock. Monga momwe wolemba amanenera za iye, Amayi Ravin anali ogwidwa ndende Tatary, ngakhale izi sizinatsimikiziridwe. Amayi a Steana anali voroneza, ndipo zifukwa zobwezeretsedwe kwa Don, monga anthu ena ambiri, anali ndi njala komanso wopanda mphamvu.

Kukhala Classack, chisayey adapeza nyumba ndi chuma chochuluka, adakhala m'modzi mwa oimira olemekezeka kwambiri a Cossacks. Anatenga nawo mbali pafupifupi konse kukamanga gulu lankhondo pokonda ufulu komanso kulimba mtima kwa ana ake - Ivan, Sterun ndi Frolu.

Kusintha kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa Tsar Alexei MikharAilovich adakhala olemetsa osakhwima ndi ma coss. Mu 1649, "ku tchalitchi" kunasainidwa, komwe kudakulitsa udindo wa ma sefs. Izi zinali zomwe zimayambitsa kusakhutira kwa anthu, kudzetsa mphukira za anthu kuti apeze.

Pamenepo, anthu okwera amaliseche ", ma cossacks aulere opanda katundu. Othawawo ogwirizana pamafano, omwe nthawi zambiri amabera, ndipo pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa midzi yacitaly yokulira. Mayanjano akuluakulu adakhala a Don ndi Yatsky Cossacks.

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov "Stepan Rain"

Zomwe Zimayambitsa

M'zaka za 1652, zadziwika kale kuti Roun Rinor adasanduka otaman, omwe nthawi zonse amachita pochirikiza "Gulu's Golutbi". Iwe kale mu moyo wake, mkwiyo pa oimira aboma, omwe amawerengedwa kuti ali ndi akapolo opanda mphamvu. Komabe, kusintha komwe kunali vuto la 1665. Mchimwene wake Ivan anatsogolera gulu lankhondo ku Company-of Russian Yuri Dolgoruky.

Classack adaganiza zosiya kumenyera nkhondoyo modzipereka, komwe sikunaukitsidwe ndi oyimira ma cossacks aulere. Komabe, Wankhondoyo adalamula kuti atengere Ivan ndi gulu lake, adawafotokozeranso zipululu, pambuyo pake adaphedwa. Atamwalira mchimwene wake ndi anzawo ambiri, azungu Rangen anazindikira kuti akufuna kumenya nkhondo ndi anthu omwe amakhala ndi chisokonezo chotere.

A Sirwan TimofEevich adaganiza zolimba kuti agwire ntchito zingapo zankhondo, kuphatikizapo Moscow. Atachita bwino kwambiri mizinda yambiri, Stepan anaitana anthu kuti agwirizane ndi okonda. Anthu osavuta, anyamata ovutikira adamuwona ndi Mtsogoleri wawo, akukhulupirira mawu onse.

Mlendo wa. Tambinis, omwe adalankhula mawu a a Istrakhan, adalemba kuti Stepan ananena izi:

"Sindingakakamize kukakamiza mphamvu, ndipo akufuna kukhala ndi ine - adzakhala kuchokera ku Blasack yaulere! Ndinabwera kudzamenya mankhusu okha ndi olemera, ndi osauka komanso osavuta, monga m'bale, aliyense! ".

Petrov-Vodkin Kuzma Sergeevich "Skenel Panel Sitean"

Mphamvu stesan rains

Ndipo zinali choncho. Koma kodi chinsinsi cha kupambana kwa mvula chinali chiyani? Makhalidwe ake obadwa nawo anali maole ndi inxcanal, omwe anathandiza pantchito zankhondo. Kuphatikiza apo, ranzin ali ndi luso la kumanja, lomwe linamuthandiza kuti athetse ngakhale zokambirana zovuta kwambiri mokomera. Anatha kuyanjanitsa anthu ang'ono a ku Russe, zomwe zidathandizidwa ndi opandukawo.

Mbiri yofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera izi inali yotchedwa "mkudzi kuseri kwa zifunov", pomwe ochirikiza a Rasin omwe adathandizidwa ndi zombo za ku Russia komanso Perisiya, adatha kupanga njira yothandiziranso. Kulera ndi Kuchenjera Pofika pamenepa anathandiza Stean Danters. Komabe, kusiyanitsa komwe sikunalandire mawonekedwe osakhwima.

M'kalata ya osadziwika kuchokera ku chombo "ores", omwe anali ataimirira pafupi ndi Astrakhan, sananenedwe:

"Munthu'yo ndi wankhanza komanso wamwano, makamaka woledzera: Kenako chisangalalo chachikulu kwambiri chimapeza chisawawa cha oyang'anira ake omwe amalamula kuti azigwirizanitsa manja ake, kudzaza mimba, kenako ndikuziponyera mumtsinje."

Ndikofunika kutchula za m'gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe limafotokozedwa mu nyimboyo "chifukwa cha chisumbu cha Strazhen", chomwe chinachitika pansi pa Astrakan. Agogo a SISKAN AZANI Vungo la Perian ndi Inianian, adasungidwa lero.

V. I. Surikov "Steeka Rain"

Kukonzekera Kuyenda

Khalidwe lotsutsana komanso lankhanza la raven silinasokoneze, kupeza anzanu ambiri. Osatinso anthu oponderezedwa ndi anthu omwe tsopano omwe tsopano ayandikira kundaman wotchuka.

Anthu ongodzipereka pamafano a razen tsopano ankatumikira anthu, amisiri, amalonda. Asitikali a Cossack anali okalamba ambiri omwe sakhutidwa omwe sakukhumudwitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa tchalitchi chamipingo Nikon. Chithandizo cha mitundu yambiri ya m'dera la Volga - Modva, a Chuvashi, Mari.

Pakangotsala pang'ono chaka, asitikali a Razian apeza mphamvu zambiri. Ndipo ngati poyamba mu zifunov "Wagon" wa zifunov "adapita ndi ma cossacks mazana asanu ndi limodzi, tsopano anthu okwana 20,000 anali ndi zigawo zake.

Mu 1670, Ranzin wakonzekeretsa kale gulu lake lankhondo kupita ku kampeni yayikulu - kupita ku Moscow. Iye mwa mwadala adakhazikitsa mphekesera, monga kuti mumsasa wake, Alexey Alekseevich Alexey, cholowa chovomerezeka pampando wachifumu, chomwe chidalengezedwa akufa. M'malo mwake, mwana wachichepere wa Tsarevich adamwaliradi adamwaliradi, koma sanalepheretse kuti onyenga azigwiritsa ntchito dzina lake.

Chachiwiri Kutenga Assorakhan

Rasin kachiwiri wopita ku Volga, koma tsopano mizinda yambiri yadzipereka kwa iye popanda ndewu. Kukhazikitsa ku Tsaritsyn, Russietsie, motsogozedwa ndi Aserikan wake wolimba mtima, akupita ku Astrakhan. Harrow, yemwe sanafune kupereka linga kupita kwa osinthanitsa, adabwezeretsanso kukhoma la mzinda. Opandukawo anakonza zopha anthu ambiri, zomwe zidapitilira ndipo pambuyo pa chisamaliro cha Assorann. Maonekedwe ake achiwiri mumzinda uno sanasakhale wamagazi pang'ono kuposa woyamba.

David Butet, yemwe anali ku Astranyan panthawiyo, anakumbukira mzindawu akukamba ndi anzeru:

"9th gwiritsani mbedza kumbali ya Alexen Aleksevich mlembi ndipo adampachika pamodzi ndi mwana wa Gilymeansky Khan pamtengo, pomwe adamwalira patapita masiku ochepa. Pambuyo pake pakhoma la Kremlin, anapachikika pamiyendo ya ana awiri a kazembe wa awiriwa. Tsiku lotsatira unamangidwa, ndipo mkuluyo adaponyedwa kuchokera ku nsanjayo, pomwe bambo adaponya pomwepo masiku angapo . "

B. M. Kuusdiev "Stewan Rain"

Kulimbana ndi Mbiri

Komabe, ngakhale atakumana ndi mavuto opambana kwa Rakin, mfumuyo idazindikira kuti munthuyu ndi woopsa bwanji kupita pambuyo pake ngakhale kuti adamwalira. Mphamvu zambiri zankhondo zachifumu zinaponyedwa chifukwa chobwerazi. Kuti aletse "opandukira", Alexey Mikhalovich adatumiza Voevorod Y. Dolgorukov, V. Barchensky, yomwe imadikira buntavshchikov pansi pa Arzamas.

Yuri Baryatinsky adayamba kusamukira ku Kazan, kufunafuna kuti asapereke mwayi wa asitikali a Rairaops kuti apite patsogolo. Ngakhale kuti munthu angayesetse kuswa popumira, mabwinja alephera kukwaniritsa cholinga chawo. Tsopano adagwidwa.

Wocheza naye adalimbikira nkhondo molimba mtima osazindikira mabala ndi zowawa. M'nkhondo zofuula, adavulala kwambiri. Ngakhale mutu womwe wasankhidwa komanso kutaya nthawi yayitali, Rangen anapitilizabe kumenya nkhondo. Komabe, tsopano imelo, yomwe nthawi zambiri inathandiza Ataman, idakhala zida za mdani wake.

Yuri Baryatinsky amatenga opanduka omwe anali pachimake. Adalamulanso kuti afotokozere zagombe lozungulira la Sviyagi ndikufuula mokweza pamenepo. Posankha kuti itayamba kulimbikitsidwa kwa asitikali a Tsaarist, Rairnn Rairn nthawi yomweyo adapita kwa Don, komwe adakonzekera kutenga ma comrades.

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov "Ataman Stewan Rain"

Kugonjetsedwa zigawenga

Atasiya kucheza nawo mophiphiritsa, ranzin ndikuganiza, ndi tsoka lanji. Popanda kunkan wake komanso wolimbikitsa, gulu lankhondo la Cossack linakhala lofooka komanso lopanda tanthauzo. Yuri Baaatinsky adalondola kupanduka, wosweka pansi pa Arzamas, ndipo adalamula kuti awonjeze.

Mmodzi mwa asitikali akunja adalemba mu diary yake:

"Ndizowopsa kuyang'ana ku Arzamas: madera ake ankawoneka kuti ndendende: kulikonse komwe amaimirira mazirawo ndikupachika mitembo yozungulira 40 ndipo pali mitembo kulikonse; Panali mitu yomwazika ndipo idasuta magazi atsopano; Njala zimangotuluka, pomwe zigawezi zidazunzidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri zinali ndi moyo kwa masiku atatu, kukakumana ndi mavuto odziwika. Popitiliza miyezi itatu, anthu 10,000 anaphedwa. "

Nkhondo ya Nikolai "Kulimbana kwa Matendawa ndi Mphamvu za Boma Pa Mtsinje wa Alatyr"

Mvula ya filimu

Koma kodi Stepan ndi chiyani? Pakadali pano, rayin adayesa kulembetsa thandizo la Don Conssacks. Nawa oyimira domain okha a Cossacks sanafune kuti otetezedwa atembenukire kwaulere.

Ngakhale abambo adzikoli, korriliy Yakovlev, adayamba kuthandiza ataman, sanafune kumamatira kumayiko ake. Ambiri mwa omwe kale anali odana ndi mvula. Komabe, pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake, Rairan ndi omwe amawakwatirana amakhala m'tauni ya Kagalnitskia.

Ngakhale ali ndi batala wakunja, a Don Conssocks anali akukayikira. Conssacks adazindikira kuti kusiyana komwe iwowo kukakhala chifukwa chake sichinali chifukwa chowonekera kwa asitikali achifumu, ndipo izi zinali mantha akulu. Pa Epulo 14, 1671, kufatsa pang'ono kwa ma cossacks komweko kunaukira kagasnik, pomwe mzindawu udayaka.

Pafupifupi kumenyedwa konse kwa Combodes kunaphedwa, ndipo nyumba yomwe anali miyezi ingapo, yoyaka. Kuzunza kosatha sikunathandize ku Jamaman polimbana. Stepan Rasin idatengedwa ndi zikwangwani zake zokha, ndipo mchimwene wake Frol wagwidwa posachedwa.

Sitepe

Cassenger Anaman

Anthu oposa mazana awiri adatengedwa kupita ku Moscow kupita ku ukapolo. Flol anagwedezeka ndipo akuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha vuto la mchimwene wake wamkulu, Stepan sanavomereze kuti: "Palibe vuto! Tidzakankhira; Amuna akulu kwambiri apita kukakumana nafe. " Zizindikiro za mtsogoleri wa Buntovshsikov ndi mchikondi wake wake, zomwe zinali ndi zisudzo 3,000, zomwe zinali ndi ma ruble ambiri ndi vinyo, mapaundi 150 a mfuti ndi mtovu.

Ali kundende, Razin adazunzidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ngakhale panthawi yozunza Costack adawonetsa kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima. Kazembe Jacob Riettfls adalemba za Rasin:

"Thupi lake lidagwedezeka kale, motero zowawa za chikwapu zidagwera pamafupa amaliseche, zomwe siziri zongofuula, koma sizinalume komanso kunyinyirika ndi mavuto. , pang'ono komanso wotakasuka. "

S. A. Kiillolov "Stepan Rain"

Ngakhale kuti kuzunzidwa, kuzunzidwa ndi kumenyedwa, komwe kunathandizidwa ndi akuluakulu aboma, sanakhale wolungama mpaka womaliza. Monga wolemba Biograpa wanena, mobwerezabwereza adafanana ndi mchimwene wakeyo kuti mlandu womwe adayamba adagogomeza - ngakhale atachita bwino kwambiri. Ndilibe kukayikira kuti Stean, mosiyana ndi Frol, amadziwa bwino za ngoziyo kukhala ndi nthawi yopambana.

Pa June 6, 1671, kuphedwa kwa SISWAN Rangen kunachitika pa lalikulu. Zochitika za tsikulo zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'kalata ya Chingerezi Heamas Hebris:

"Vutoli limasunga mtundu wake wokwiya nthawi zonse ndipo, monga anaonekera, sanachite mantha ndi imfa konse ... Ena a ife ngakhale tidagwidwa ndi magazi. Poyamba adadula manja ake, ndiye miyendo yake, ndipo, pomaliza, mutu. Zigawo zisanu izi zabzala mitengo isanu. Kutentha kunaponyedwa madzulo. "

Monga momwe wolemba amanenera, pa nthawi ya kuphedwa, pomwe wina adaphedwa, mchimwene wake, sanathe kuwona, ndikufuula kuti: "Ndikudziwa mawu ndi nkhani ya Boma!". Chiyani chomwe chimayankhira molakwika kuti: "Chete, galu!", Monga zakhalira mawu ake omaliza.

Ngakhale kuti zomwe zimangokhala ndi ziwalo za thupi la Stepan zidakali ku Moscow, bambo uyu adapitilirabe mantha. Ngakhale atamwalira, iye anakhalabe wamphamvu komanso woopsa kwa aboma. Kupanduka kwake kunali kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuwuluka ndi gulu lotsika kwambiri, kusowa kwa zolinga kapena kusokoneza zochita za mkwiyo.

Ngakhale izi, chaputalacho chikupitilira kusiyanitsa malingaliro a anthu. Mmenemo, nkhanza zabwino, ulemu kwenikweni, malingaliro apamwamba komanso zokhumba zina zidazolowera. Koma chinthu chachikulu - Iye anali wokhulupilika mokhulupirika kwa mlanduwo, malingaliro ake, kuti akane yemwe sanamugwiritsenso ntchito.