Lero pa nthawi ya Coronavirus, tapeza dziko lonse lapansi kukhala masks achipatala. Madokotala akufuna njira zothandizira odwala a odwala, m'magulu a laborato akuyesera kuti apange mankhwala achilengedwe otsutsana ndi Covid-19, ndipo pa TV komanso pa mapepala tsiku lililonse ziwerengero za kuchira ndi kufa zimafotokozeredwa. Zikuwoneka ngati china chilichonse chisasunthidwa kumbuyo.
Ndikosavuta ngakhale kulingalira kuti tsiku lina mliri mliri wa 2020 udzakhala chinthu chinanso chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu. Koma posakhalitsa zichitika. Chifukwa chake zinali ndi matenda onse owopsa. M'zaka za zana la 20, bambo amazungulira amoyo kuchokera ku zotupa - zamkhutu. Koma kwenikweni zaka zingapo zapitazo zinali ngati zinthu zina. Ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti china chake chasintha, ngati sichinatemera.
ZosP
Ngati mungayang'ane zithunzi za anthu omwe adadwala chipolopolo zaka zana zapitazo, sizikhala palokha. Blasi lophimba 90% ya thupi siwopirira chamakono. Ndipo palibe zotsatira za zovuta zake. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala adamwalira mu ufa, ndipo ena onse atapezedwa ndi khungu lokhumudwitsa, loipa kwambiri - wakhungu.Chiwerengero cha Africa ndi Eastern Mayiko nthawi yayitali akhala akuyesera kulimbana ndi kuukiridwa uku. M'madera akale, amaganiza kuti amachititsa kuti matendawa ayambe kudwala. Kuti muchite izi, umakhala ufa wopangidwa ndi zitoto zowoneka bwino ndikudziwonetsa okha pansi pa khungu la mafinya ochepa. Zinandithandiza, koma osati zambiri. Komabe, anthu amene satha kuvutika. Ndipo sizikudziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa masitimani motero kumapitilizabe ngati sing'anga English Jenner.
Mu 1796, panali zomverera: Dokotala wa Epinigion akhazikika mchaka cha wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zochokera patsogolo. Zinkawoneka kuti mankhwala ovomerezeka azachipatala omwe amakana kulandira Jenner ndi zomwe amamwa. Komabe, njira yokhayo yodzilungamitsidwa. Mwana woyeserera adalandira chitetezo chocheka motsutsana ndi matendawa ndipo amatha kukhala m'chipinda chimodzi ndi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, pamapeto pake anapangitsa kuti zaka zana, atachiyang'ana ankhondo a gulu lankhondo la Britain.
Masiku ano, ma virus a nthomba amakhala kuti alipo pokhapokha mumalobotori. Ndipo Edward Jenner adalandira kuvomerezedwa. Ngakhale mawu oti "katemera" amachokera ku French kapena ng'ombe, ngati msonkho kwa okumbukira adotolo.
Kuwerenganso: Ntchito Covid-19. Kodi kuyesa kuchitira Aromavis akuyesera bwanji m'maiko osiyanasiyana?
Chifuwa chachikulu
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa anthropolocal, chifuwa chachikulu chinalipo kalekale nthawi yathu. Asayansi apeza zotsalira za anthu akale omwe anali ndi zomwe zimagonjetsedwa, ndipo zizindikiro za matenda zimatchulidwa mu zolengedwa za ku Babeloni.
Ndikosavuta kuganiza kuti ndi anthu angati omwe amawachitira zinthu zachifundo m'mbiri. Mu zaka za zana limodzi la XIX, anapotoza gulu la anthu aku Europe.
Poti sitikutsokomola tsopano, muyenera kuthokoza dokotala waku Germany Robert Koha. Adakhathatakalaka ndi kuwunika momwe matenda a tubercares amakulira, ndipo mu 1882 adamvetsetsa munthawi ya matenda ndipo patatha zaka 8 patatha zaka 8 zapitazo kwa anthu a tuberculin - patemera. Cholembera choyamba sichinaphute bwino, koma asayansi adatenga lingaliro ndipo pamapeto pake adapanga mankhwala omwe avomerezedwa. Tuberculin ya mtundu watsopano imaphatikizapo Mycoabacterium chifuwa chachikulu osati anthu okha, komanso mitundu ya bovine.
Polio
Poliomyelitis mwina ndi amodzi mwa matenda osavomerezeka. Kunja, sizingawoneke, koma zotsatira zake ndizowopsa. Ana a matenda akale (monga lamulo, polio adaukira zolengedwa zolimba kwambiri) zomwe zimachitika kuti zifa ziwalo. Wina anasiya kuyenda, ndipo wina anamwalira ndi chosung - ma guly adafika paminofu ya m'mapapo.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri kumeneko kunali njira yokongola yothetsera Polio - otchedwa "Mapapu achitsulo". Munthu wazaka zambiri adayikidwa mumphepete mwa zida zopangira mpweya wabwino. Kodi nkoyenera kunena kuti moyo m'chinsinsi chachitsulo chinali choyipa kuposa imfa?
Katemerayu adapangidwa ndi dokotala waku America a Sonas Slus Perct mu 1952. Pambuyo pa zaka khumi, mnzake wa Albert Seyrian wakonza njira yabwino yamankhwala. Hafu yachiwiri ya zaka zana lino adadziwika ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi poliomyelitis padziko lonse lapansi.
Tsopano makolo amatha kupuma momasuka: Neuch amapezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi mayiko onse. Chokhacho, iye amadziwulula ku Afghanistan, Pakistan ndi Nigeria, koma ana ochepa ochepa pachaka amavutika.
Onaninso: Ebola ndi Coronavirus: Kodi ngozi ndi iti?
Failo
Koma ndi cholembera osati zabwino kwambiri. Matenda opatsirana awa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito katemera wopangidwa mokwanira mu 1963, ngati mungapangire anthu 95% padziko lapansi. Koma izi zimalepheretsa zochitika ziwiri.
Choyamba, si mayiko onse omwe angapeze mankhwala. Mayiko osauka ku Africa akadali kugwa ndikugwiridwa mu barracks ndi zithandizo. Kuti musinthe izi, muyenera ndalama zamphamvu. Mu 2020, omwe adapempha $ 225 miliyoni kuchokera ku UN Kumenya nkhondo ku Mayiko achitatu - Tiona ngati ndalamazi zithandiza.
Kachiwiri, ku Europe ndi United States, kayendedwe ka "Anti-Recremaks" amagawidwa, ndi chidaliro kuti chifukwa cha katemera pamakhala kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa obadwa. Zotsatira zake, gawo lalikulu la anthu limakhala lopanda chitetezo pamaso pa chimanga, ndipo kufalikira kwa mliri kumatha kuchitika kulikonse, kuphatikiza mzinda wanu.
WERENGANI: Kuchokera ku Coonnavirus kapena Chipilala chachikulu?