Kusindikiza 3 kwa nsalu zamoyo, kuphatikizaponso cornea, mitsempha yamagazi ndi khungu, si ntchito yovuta. Koma osachepera ndi nsalu zonse zamoyo. Fupa, losemphana ndi moyo, ndi osakaniza amoyo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mu matrix aminerel matrix. Mwanjira ina, fupa la kusindikiza 3d ndi ntchito yovuta.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma injiniya-mabio adayesa zida zambiri zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mafupa awo opanga, kuphatikiza ma hydrogels, a thermoplastics ndi biochemics. Posachedwa, gulu la University of New South Wales (Australia) "ceramic ink", yomwe itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito paphiri la 3d firiji yogwiritsa ntchito ma cell poyerekeza ndi matekinoloje . Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, ukadaulo watsopano kumapeto ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kusindikiza mafupa mwachindunji mwa wodwala.
Zambiri zokhudza izi zidafalitsidwa mu mapangidwe apamwamba a mapangidwe a zida zankhondo.
3D-kusindikiza kwa mafupa ambiri ndi ntchito zambiri zamankhwala komanso zofufuzira - kufalitsa mankhwala mafupa, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikubwezeretsa mafupa owonongeka ngati kuvulala, khansa kapena matenda ena.
Muyezo wagolide wamakono pakukonza fupa ndikugwiritsa ntchito fupa kuchokera mbali ina ya wodwala. Tsoka ilo, kugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana koteroko kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ndipo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuchuluka kwa mafupa ndikokulirapo.
Poyesa kupanga zopangidwa ndi mafupa opangira mafupa, asayansi aku yunivesite adapanga inki, yomwe imatha kusindikizidwa munyanja, monga thupi. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri zantchito, adalenga zinthu zochokera pa calcium phosphate, zomwe zimapanga phala firiji. Mukayikidwa mu bafa kapena njira ina, njira inanso imachitika, ndipo phala limakhala likukhazikika mu nanocrystalline matrix, ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka mafupa oyera.
Posindikiza, adagwiritsa ntchito injini ya 3D Revori Reger 3d ndi zosindikizira zapadera. Singano yaying'ono kuyambira 0,2 mpaka 0,8 mm atatambalala mu kusamba kwa gelatin ndi kutentha kwa 37ºC. Tekinoloje yotchedwa Cobics (ceramic omnidirectional bioprints mu skilenysions) imatha kusinthidwa ndi osindikiza ena 3, monga osindikizira osindikizira a 3D omwe angatengedwe nanu m'chipinda chochita opaleshoni.
Ntchito yake yaposachedwa, asayansi asindikiza zigawo zazing'ono zazing'ono ku gelatin zokhala ndi ma cell a anthu ndi mitundu ina ya maselo aumunthu. Inki yolimba idayambitsa maselo amoyo mu kapangidwe kake, ndipo maselo awa adafika atasindikiza ndikuyamba kuchulukana. Kupulumutsidwa kunali 95%.
Pakadali pano, gululi limasamba posindikiza zitsanzo zazikulu ndikuyamba kuyesedwa kwa nyama zazing'ono kuti awonetse ngati ukadaulo uwu ungabwezeretse bala lalikulu mokwanira monga wobzala.