Kuyambira kale, polemba kumene, anthu anali ndi chidwi ndi njira yankhondo, momwe nkhondo iperekera. Ngati mukuganiza zomveka, ngakhale "Iliad" si kanthu koma nkhani yokhudza ziweto zomwe Agiriki a m'mphepete mwa Malaya Asia. Kodi tikudziwa chiyani za mbiri yakale yankhondo?
M'masiku a Nkhondo za Napoleonic, oyang'anira nthawi zina amatumiza makalata kuchokera ku zisudzo, zomwe zimafotokoza zomwe zinali kuchitika pankhondo yankhondo. Nthawi zina zilembo zoterezi zimapezekanso m'manyuzipepala, ngakhale manyuzipepala anali nthawi zambiri amasindikizidwa ndi mauthenga aboma.
Kalata yoyamba yankhondo imatchedwa William Howard Russell (1820-1907). Anali wolemba wolemba nyuzipepala ya London nyuzipepala. Anagwira ntchito ku London, ndi ku Ireland. Kuwunikira mikangano pakati pa Germany ndi Denmark chifukwa cha Schleswig Goldstein mu 1850.
Ndipo mu 1854 Iye anatumizidwa ndi gulu la owela kuti liziphimba njira ya nkhondo ya boma la Crimea - ku Crimea. Ndinatumiza malipoti ku malo omenyera nkhondo ku nyuzipepala. Pa zakuda zina, za imfa, pamabala, za kuperekera kwambiri ndi kunyansidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kwa ovulala.
Zinali chifukwa cha nkhani Zake zomwe kutafuna koopsa kudadziwika, kugwidwa ndi Britain chifukwa cha maudindo ankhondo a ku Russia pansi pa Balaklava. Anali iye amene sanalole kubisa mliri wa kolera, kukhala ndi kuthekera mwamphamvu kwa asirikali achingerezi. Ndi pamaziko a zolembedwa zake za Nyumba Yamalamulo zomwe zidafunsa zovomerezeka, kutsutsa zomwe adachita ndi boma la rimemi yotsatira.
Zotsatira zake, adachotsedwa pamalo omenyera nkhondo pazifukwa zandale. Pambuyo pake, adawunikiranso kuponderezedwa kwa zinthu za Sipyev ku India, kenako njira yankhondo yapachiweniweni.
Nikolai Vasalyevich Berg Chithunzi: Ru.Wikhipedia.orgKuchokera kumbali ya Russia, nkhondo ya boma yafotokoza Nikolai Vasalyvevich Berg, mtolankhani wa magazini yomwe yapezeka ". Anatumizidwa kuchokera ku magazini yankhondo ndipo adalembedwa ku Sevastopol ali ku Sevastal pakulu la woyang'anira wamkulu-wamkulu monga womasulira. Ndinafotokoza njira yovutayi ndipo ndinatenga nawo mbali munkhondo. Nkhondo ya Crimea idatumizidwa ku Caucasus, pomwe adaphimba kumapeto kwa chibwana ndi kugwidwa kwa Shamil.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya mtolankhani woyamba wa asitikali oyamba, okonza, akuwonetsetsa kuti zolemba zomwe zidachokera ku gulu lankhondo lomwe lili ndi gulu lankhondo lomwe limayamba kuwonjezeredwa, adayamba kulamulira atolankhani awo m'malo otetezeka.
Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake inali yofananira ndi gulu lankhondo lankhondo ndi Winston. Monga wolemba nyuzipepala yatsiku ndi tsiku, adatumizidwa ku Cuba, komwe anthu akudzikonda "a Cuba" a Cuba akutsutsana ndi ku Spain.
Nkhondo ya Anglo-Borsk, adatumizidwa ndi ma post positi yolingana ndi nkhondo. Pano sanangolemba nkhanizo, komanso adachita nawo ziwonetserozo, adayitanitsa ndalamazo, adayikidwa mumsasa wankhondo, adayikidwa, adatha kusiya zomwe angalawa ndi mapaundi 25 a Sterling) ndipo adapeza ku England kudutsa ku Pozambique Mozambique. Wosathamangitsa adapanga kuti ikhale yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe idamulowetsa nkhondo itatha nkhondo kuti iyambe ntchito yandale.
Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 20, mtolankhani wa asitikali akufotokoza nkhondo zonse. Ku Port Arthur mu 1905, NeMirovich-Danchenko adatumizidwa ndi gulu lankhondo. Ayi, si Mlengi wa kazembe waluso, ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu, nthochi icanovich nemirovich-danchenko.
Pa nkhondo iliyonse, kuyambira ndi Russia-Japan, magulu ankhondo 1905, magulu omenya nkhondo ndi mayiko akutenga nawo mbali azikhala akumenya nawo magawano awo chifukwa cha nyuzipepala zawo chifukwa cha magazini awo.
Munthawi ya nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko lapansi, atolankhani amalangizi ena amagwira ntchito monga gulu la asitikali. Ambiri aiwo adamwalira m'malo osawerengeka a nkhondo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ya nkhondo. Olemba ambiri - Ilya Erenburg, Mikhad Sholokhov, Arkady Gaidar - kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yomwe adakumana ndi ankhondo.
Ambiri omwe adayamba kwambiri atolankhani, olemba, olemba ndakatulo adapeza malo awo pankhondo. Alexander Trufonovich TVrdovsky anakhala ndakatulo yotchuka bwino chifukwa cha "terevina" wolembedwa ndi iye. Dziko lonselo linali kudikirira kuti litulutsidwe kwa magazini ya nyuzipepala ya "nyenyezi yofiira", chifukwa panali gawo la nkhani zokhudzana ndi kutsogolo kwa Sponscantine Simon, kapena ndi ndakatulo yake yatsopano.
Pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, zithunzi zankhondo ndi mabungwe fiilat zidawonekera, zimatumiza zithunzi ndi zojambula kuchokera kumadera. Kuchita luso lakelo kunadutsa pakusindikiza kwa asitikali, kuti mdaniyo sakanatha kudziwa zambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito - komanso umboni wa zikalata za nkhondoyi, komanso pazithunzi za izi.
Atolankhani mazana ambiri atolatona ndi ojambula ankatumikira m'manyuzipepala a asitikali, akufotokoza maphwando ndi olamulira.
Kuchokera ku Moscow komwe kulibe malo omwe sitiyendayenda mufumbi. Ndi kuthirira ndi cholembera, kenako ndi mfuti yamakina kudutsa pamoto ndikupita pomwe tidadutsa. (K. Simonov, "Nyimbo ya Asitikali ankhondo")
Fikani pamalopo, komwe pali chinthu chofunikira chikuchitika, fotokozani, kapena kutenga nawo mbali, kenako ndikutumiza zolembedwazo ndi fakitale, kapena Mofulumira m'mbuyo ndi zida zoyaka muofesi ya Ordial kuti nkhani ya Nyanja ya lero zikhale kale mu nyuzipepala.
Konstantin Simonov adafotokoza ntchito iyi mu ndakatulo ya "Nyimbo ya mtolankhani"
Pakutenga kwa mlatho womwe nthawi yokhayo kunagwa, poyamba adazindikira mkuluyo kwa theka la ola. Panali woyendetsa ndege popewa mkanganowu, wamkuluyo anali ndi ndege. Koma adachoka osachedwa m'mawa wotsatira, monga nthawi zonse, 'iz ezvestlia', ndi 'owona', ndi nyenyezi yofiira.
Ntchito yawo inali yoopsa, mazana a atolankhani adamwalira, akuchita ntchito yosintha -
Pansi pa shopu, mu Julayi, mu chowawa, mu steppe, adagwa, chipolopolo, mtolankhani wokondwa. Notepan ndi 'kuthirira tsiku la tsiku ku Mosca, kukanikiza misozi, komwe pakubwera wina wakumwera adabweretsa mkonzi.Panali nthawi, zida zogwirira ntchito za asitikali zidasintha, koma ntchito yawo imakhalabe yoopsa.
Kuyambira kale kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 20, kuwonjezera pa nkhondo wamba, nkhondo za chidziwitso zimawonekera, momwe malembawo adathandizira. Nkhondo za chidziwitso zimachitika munthawi yathu ino. Atolankhani okha omwe amakankhira mwamphamvu othandizira ndi akatswiri pokonza chithunzi, zomvera ndi kanema.
Nkhondo ku Vietnam inali "Nkhondo Yoyamba Yoyamba" (Nkhondo ya Anthu), Zipangizo za makalata amoyo zinali zochokera ku Vietnam poyenda. Pakupita kwa ziwengo, limodzi ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso kwa anthu, zidachitika kuti zikuwonetsa kuti nkhondoyi imasokoneza malingaliro athunthu.
Atsogoleri a ku America adaganiza za zikhulupiriro zankhondo zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi chidziwitso ndikuyamba kukhazikitsa njira zochititsa nkhondo padziko lonse lapansi. Mwinanso, posachedwa malipoti, atolankhani angakhale osatheka kwambiri kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika mu nkhondo yotsatirayi.
Wolemba - Igor Vadimov
Gwero - Springzhizni.ru.