Gulu la ng'ombe losasunthika silophweka. Koma zovuta kwambiri komanso zowopsa kuti zilowe mu luso lankhondo lolimbana ndi ng'ombe yakwiya. Si mwamwayi wogonjetsa wotsutsana ndi wamphamvu ngati uja sanazindikire ngati mawonekedwe a mmodzi, komanso ngati dula weniweni ndi imfa, chizindikiritso chopindika ndi munthu wamphamvu zachilengedwe ndi mphamvu.
Ziwembu zoterezi zinali zofala kwambiri pachikhalidwe chomwe amabwera ndi mawu apadera - "Tavromachiya" (kumenyera nkhondo ").
Mwachitsanzo, Mulungu Mitra, yemwe anali wotchuka kwambiri mu Ufumu wa Roma, nthawi zambiri amafotokoza ng'ombe yamphongoyo (pambuyo pake mphesa zazing'ono zimakula kuchokera mu ubongo, ndi mphesa kuchokera m'magazi).
Zokhudza duel wokhala ndi ng'ombe yosimba ndi nyimbo ya ku Sumeria ". Tsiku lina ngwazi yake - Gilgamesh - anakana kuzunzidwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Ishtar Okha. Popeza mulungu wamkazi wokwiya anali pa iye ng'ombe yayikulu yakumwamba.
Potha kungokondedwa "kutukwana", Hilgamesh, limodzi ndi ng'ombe ina ya Enida, idaphedwa, ngakhale, zikuwoneka kuti, kudula ulemu wake kwa ishtar.
Ishtar adakwera pakhoma la uruk wokhala ndi ufiti, atafalikira, adaponya Danti: "Phiri la Hilgamezu! Ankachita manyazi, kupha ng'ombe! " Malangizo a mkondo amenewa Ishtar awar, anakoka muzu wa ng'ombeyo, naponya pansi kuti: "Ndipo ndikadachita naye bwanji, ndikukulani iwe!" Ashtar wa Ladurinee, blodnits ndi atsikana omwe adafotokozedwa, muzu wa ng'ombeyo kuti alire zitsulo ...
Pakatikati pa CLAVIN ya Clavine ndi Tavromakhi inali crete wakale. Pa frescos kunyumba yachifumu ya Poala, mutha kuwona momwe anyamata ochepa amaseweredwa ndi malingaliro athunthu - amawathandiza pa nyanga ndipo amapangidwa ndi nyama zokopa.
Zoyenera kufotokoza za nthano zakale zachi Greek! Mwachitsanzo, pamndandanda wa feats wa herculeal wazaka 8, pali kuwonda kwa ng'ombe ya Creyan. Hercules sanangomuuza zokha, komanso amakhumudwitsana. Pambuyo pake, adadzaza okhetsedwa pakati pa Krete ndi Peropedes. Zowona, ng'ombeyo yopusa idatulutsidwa, ndipo adayamba kuthamangira ku Greece, kuphunzira pogcems ndi zipolowe, mpaka adaphulitsidwa ngwazi ina - maneshon. Adaphedwa kupereka nsembe, ndipo adasamukira kumwamba, nakhala kugwedezeka kwa zodiacal kwa Taurus. Kumbukirani kuti, Vysotsky: "ndi chikwangwani chake cha nyenyezi - Taurus - ozizira Mkaka Way ..."?
Komabe, malinga ndi mtundu wina, gulu lina la nyenyezi liziyimira ng'ombe inayake - yomwe Zeus idasandulika ku Europe (koma za anzeru za Zeus - pambuyo pake).
Osatinso nthano yodziwika bwino komanso mthenga wina wa Cretan - Mintaur, kusakaniza ng'ombe ndi munthu, wotsekedwa ndi masheya. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mu Middle Ages Unali kukhulupilira kuti Minotaurus amawoneka ngati Sphinx - ndiye kuti, ndi nkhope ya munthu ndi thupi la chilombo. Komabe, atapeza zithunzi zakale zachi Greek za chilombo, zidapezeka kuti zonse zili chimodzimodzi.
Mwinanso Minomaur akadamwalira kuti aphedwa chifukwa chaimfa yake, asankhenso kwa mfumu manos kuti alange okhala ku Atene kuti aphe mwana. Monga chiwombolo cha kudziimba mlandu, adayenera kutumiza anyamata makumi asanu ndi awiri a ku Astne ndi atsikana asanu ndi awiri a ku Ateni anga kukanidwa kwa Minobaur. Chifukwa chake zidatenga mpaka chikho chotsatira chatsoka sichinali kuyang'ana mayeso pamwambapa. Zotsatira zake, Minomaurus adapha, ngakhale mwana wamkazi woseketsa - Ariadna, yemwe adampatsa iye chomangirira, adathandizira kutuluka mu labyrinth ...
HL Borges "Buku la Zolengedwa Zosachedwa": Lingaliro kuti apange nyumba kuti anthu asamapezeke ndi otukwana kuposa munthu wokhala ndi mutu, koma chithunzicho chimaphatikizidwa bwino, ndipo chithunzi cha maze chimagwirizana Chithunzi cha Minotaur. Ndizachilengedwe kuti chilombocho chiyenera kukhala pakatikati pa nyumba yolimba.
Chithunzi cha Tavromakhi chimapezekanso chifukwa cha kusaka kwa SURE Curne. Chimodzi mwazoyesedwa kwa mtsogoleri wa Argnabuts - Jason - anali kuyandikira kwa ng'ombe zamphongo. Komanso, sanayenera kuwapha, koma kuti akutsuka ndikulima kumunda. Omwe kenako adafesa mano, pomwe gulu lankhondo lakula, etc. mu chiwembu ...
Tavromachiya anali wokongola kwambiri ndipo anapulumuka mpaka pano - mu mawonekedwe a Roboy Rodeo ndi Spain Corrida.
Mwambowo utayambika ku Spain kukakonza chiwonetsero chonse kuchokera kunkhondo ndi ng'ombe, sizikudziwika. Koma zimadziwika kuti Spain Yotsala, Aluya akupezeka kuti adziwe zomwe amakonda zosangalatsa zamagazi. Poyamba, pomwepo idakonzedwa makamaka misasa yamatsenga, kuphatikizapo umunthu wotchuka monga Adst Campador (Ngwazi EPOS "NARL" ndi Karl V. Chifukwa chake, yemwe ali ndi chipani) Dzanja lake.
Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XVIII, chikhalidwe cha corrida chimasintha kwambiri - chimakhala chosangalatsa cha otsika. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Kingn, France Philip v, zomwe chisangalalo ichi sichinali ngati zosangalatsazi. Francisco Romerro amawerengedwa kuti ndiye woyambitsa miyambo yatsopano. Ndi chifukwa cha iye wamkulu wa Corrida si wokwera, koma matambor akuyenda.
Matador (amakhalanso wosungiramo) ndiye munthu yemwe ali ndi suti yowonjezereka, yomwe imasindikizidwa, kugwedezeka kofiyira kapena kotsika mtengo mtima wamphongo).
Ziyenera kunenedwa pano kuti vutoli ndi loti ng'ombeyi imakwiyitsa utoto wofiira, palibe chifukwa. Ng'ombe za maluwa sizimasiyanitsa, koma anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wowala bwino wamtundu womwe umawoneka bwino. Mwa njira, chovalachi ndi cholemera kwambiri, kotero sizongoyendetsa ngati zosokoneza, komanso zimapangitsanso chotchinga zina pakati pa ng'ombe ndi matador.
Federico Garcia Lorca "Plasi Ya Inacio Menchez Mexias":
... Panalibe kalonga wokongola kwambiri ku seville, kapena lupanga la lupanga linali monga lomwe, kapena mtima wa izi. Ndi mtsinje wa Ligein Reva, Mphamvu yake ikhoza kuyerekezera, malingaliro ake adakopeka ndi ma nrble torso ...Komabe, okwera ma picadora ochokera ku corrida nawonso sanachite nawo. Pokhapokha adayamba kukwaniritsa udindo wa othandizira matador. Kumayambiriro kwa uthenga wa ma pikadars, ng'ombe ndi nsonga mumsasamo, ngati kuti akuchepetsa nyamayo ndikuthandiza kuthokoza, ndibwino kuyamikira mdani. Ilinso ntchito yoopsa - zimachitika kuti ng'ombe zamphongo zimalima kavalo ndikugubuduza pamodzi ndi wokwera.
Othandizira ena a Matador ndi bandyrillro. Iwo ndi omwe amamamapulogalamu a ng'ombe yamphongo yokongoletsedwa ndi ng'ombe - chopondera chopondera. Mabandeyi ayenera "kusangalatsa" nyama (inde, amatchedwa "zosangalatsa"), ndiye kuti, kuti mumupatse mzimu wavala mitima, koma nthawi yomweyo kuti atumikire.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, Khomoyo idatsalabe chizindikiro cha dziko la Spain (chiwerengero cha chilombo cha kutchuka kwake chimagwera pa 1910-1920s). Pakati pa mafani awa anali otchuka monga ojambula a Francisco Goya ndi Pablo Picasso, wolemba Fermerico Garcia Docia ndi wolemba American Ernest Herekey. Onse a iwo ali mu liwu limodzi amati uyu sanali kuphedwa kwamagazi, koma zojambula zapamwamba.
Federico Garcia Lorca:
... Nkhondo ya ng'ombe ndi, mwina yayikulu kwambiri, yofunika kwambiri komanso ya ndakatulo, iyi ndi sewero lowona, poyang'ana momwe a Spain amalire ndi misozi yake yoona mtima kwambiri ndipo ikukumana ndi chisoni chachikulu kwambiri.Malingaliro awa sanagawidwe osati onse. Jack London analemba kuti "zovala zomvetsa chisoni ndi zomwe zimatha kuukira ng'ombe yamphongo imodzi yopusa - mathalauza omvetsa chisoni okha." Ndipo Vladimir Mayovsky ndikusiyidwa pa lingaliro lonse, osafuna kuwona chomaliza. Ananenanso kuti amamva chisoni "kuti mfuti zamakina sizingakhazikitsidwe pamahatchi a Bovine ndipo sizingafalitsidwe kuti ziwombe."
Ngakhale amphamvu, kulongosola pofotokoza momwe Therrid akufotokozera kuti chithunzichi sichimapangitsa kunyansidwa ndi "imfa pambuyo pausiku":
Nkhondo ya ng'ombe si masewera mu Anglo-Saxon kuzindikirika kwa Mawu; Mwanjira ina, iyi si mpikisano wofanana komanso yosalusa pa iyo ngati gawo la ng'ombe ndi munthu. M'malo mwake, zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni za imfa ya ng'ombe yomwe imaseweredwa - yochulukirapo kapena yocheperako - yopanda ng'ombe ndi munthu mulimonse, chilichonse chimatha ndi imfa.
Kutsutsa kwa Krarida kudayamba kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, pomwe kulimbana kwa "ufulu" wa nyama kunakulirakulira. Sindinatenge mwangozi mawu awa mu zolemba, chifukwa palibe nyama ndipo sipangakhale zolondola. Kumanja ndi lingaliro laumunthu lomwe limatanthawuza komanso odalirika.
Komabe, kutembenuza kuphedwa mu mawonekedwe sikuyenera kwa munthu wamakono (kumadziwika, anthu azaka zambiri zapitazo anali osiyana komanso kuzindikira chilichonse chosiyana). Koma funso ili liyenera kufotokozedwa ndi Spaniards Okha - alinso ndi ufulu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Barcelona, khomo limaletsedwabe.
Kuphatikiza pa corrida pali ena, osawopsa, osasangalatsa ndi ng'ombe zamphongo. Mwachitsanzo, otchedwa. Ng'ombe za ku Spain, pamene ng'ombe zimayendetsa m'misewu yopanda mizindayi, ndipo anthu okhalapo ziwachotse. Sizovuta kuthawa. Makamaka wamagazi adagwidwa ndi Eberro 1924 - ndi 13 wakufa ndipo 200 avulala ...
Wina - nthawi ino ndi American - masewera ndi Rideo, pomwe ng'ombe ikuyesera kuti musangokhala pamahatchi osakhalapo, komanso pamavuto. Mwachitsanzo, cholembedwa chojambulidwa ng'ombe chofiira chambiri chomwe chimatha kubwezeretsanso okwera 312, pomwe mu 1988 sanali osamva bwino agogo.
Zipitilizidwa…
Wolemba - Sergey Kuriy
Gwero - Springzhizni.ru.