Uberi Uzbekistan?

Kumayambiriro kwa February, Deutsche Bank idapereka $ 192.5 miliyoni ku mabanki awiri a Uzbek - XALA Bank ndi Asaka.

Purezidenti wa Republic of Uzbekic of Uzbekilist Shavkat Mirziyev. Sergey Guneyev / RIA Novosti

Komabe, sizingakhale zokhala zokhazokha, koma ndemanga yomwe banki yaku Germany idapereka yankho lake:

Khrushchev, gorbachev, kosygin

Ngongole yapano ku Banki ya Uzbek yayamba kupitiriza kwa chaka cha 2016, pomwe Purezidenti wa Uzbekistan Chisilamu Karimov adamwalira, ndipo malo ake adatengedwa ndi nduna ya dzikolo , ngakhale koyambirira - Hokim (bwanamkubwa) wa Sammarnd ndi dera. Tate wa Purezidenti waposachedwa anali dokotala komanso mutu wa chifuwa chachikulu chilombocho ndikuyamba ntchito yomwe anali kuwunika, pomwepo ku Soviet adayamba kucheza naye Pulofesa ndi Phice-Rector yogwira ntchito yamaphunziro. Mu ndale, mutu wamtsogolo unangoyambira pa 1990.

Bolodi la Shavkat Mirziyev adayamba ndi kusintha kwathunthu komwe kwayamba kufananizidwa kale ndi Khrushchev thaw, komanso percachekav ya gorbachek. Ndikosavuta kunena za kusinthaku mwachidule, pamene akubisa magawo onse a moyo - kuchokera pakumasulidwa kwa akaidi andale kundende, kusintha kwa maimelo, chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi gulu lankhondo. Mwa njira, matembenuzidwe a chilankhulo cha Uzbek kupita ku Latin adayamba. Fufu losinthasintha la Shavkat Mimbot Mirziyev lidayesedwa ndi "wozindikira zakunja" monga Purezidenti wa ku Belaru, yemwe ndi oyambira Lukashenko, omwe kumayambiriro kwa Lukanda adanena za mnzake wa Uzbek:

Purezidenti wakale wa Kyrgyzstan Oscar Atayev mu imodzi mwa zokambirana zake za Shkolkat Mirziyev:

Akafa adanenanso kuti Purezidenti Mirziyev:

Chotsani thonje popanda anamwino

Pa ulimi wa Republic, adayamba kuchotsa mabwinja a Soviet (ndipo nthawi yomweyo ya mabwanamu), zomwe dziko lonse lidalipo, alimi okalamba adalandira kuchokera kwa iye boma Kulamula kuti mupeze mavoti ena a thonje ndi tirigu, ndipo nzika zambiri, kuphatikiza ana, osunthidwa chifukwa choyeretsa thonje. Zokakamiza zidapangitsa madandaulo ambiri, ngakhale kuyesa kugwako thonje la Uzbek adapangidwa ku West, koma tsopano kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yokakamiza kunayamba kutsika: Ophunzira mwadongosolo, aphunzitsi, madokotala ndi anamwino amasiya, gawo la omanga thonje okakamizidwa kugwira ntchito anali 33% kuposa mu 2019.

Nthawi yomweyo, kugula malo kwa malo kunaloledwa ku Uzbekistan. Chofunikira kwambiri chili 2020 muulimi wa Republic kachitidwe ka State adathetsedwa koyamba. Tsopano alimi alandila mwayi wogulitsa zinthu komwe akufuna, koma sizitanthauza kuti ufulu nthawi zonse amakhala kwa alimi, chifukwa maphunziro atsopano adawonekera mu gawo laulimi mdzikolo - otchedwa. "Masanda" agro-mabungwe, omwe amamangidwa mozungulira mabizinesi opanga (makamaka, masamba a thonje mozungulira osakanizidwa). Gawo la dziko lamilimi limapita ku masango, ndipo m'malo ena kulibe malo oti alimi a ma concents atembenuzidwe, chifukwa ndiwo ogula oyang'anira olamulira.

UFULUMIKIKITSA

Njira imodzi kapena ina, chuma chimapita kumadera ambiri kumsika. Mu Okutobala 2020, Purezidenti wa Uzbekistan adasaina lamulo lothamanga, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chuma cha 62, makampani a zamafuta, 5 ogwiritsa ntchito vinyo, etc. Panali uthenga womwe phukusi la magawo a tashkent semiconduc chomera "Photon" akufuna kupatsa ogulitsa Russia.

Pali kusintha kwa msonkho kwa nthawi yayitali; Misonkho yamisonkho yambiri yachepetsedwa: Thupi la ndalama - kuyambira 14%, msonkho wa katundu - kuyambira 5%, olamulira asiya kuchuluka kwa 12%, imodzi Kulipira kwa anthu kutsika 25% mpaka 12%.

Pomaliza, Uzbekistan inayamba kutsegula chuma chake. Kumakanema am'mbuyo, maubale omwe ali ndi oyandikana nawo pafupi adasintha. Uzbekistan idalowa ngati wowonerera mu Eaeu. Msika wa ndalama unali wovomerezeka (ndalama za pamsika usanagulidwa mdziko "kokha" kuchokera pansi pa pansi "), anthu adaloledwa kuchoka kudziko lina. Zoletsa ndi zowongolera zamalonda akunja zidathetsedwa. Alangizi ochokera ku Germany, Turkey, South Korea adayitanidwa ku boma; Mofananamo, zokambirana zinayamba ndi ogulitsa akuluakulu akunja.

Kodi zotsatira zachuma pamasintha zonsezi ndi ziti?

Kukula ndi Ngongole

Osachepera, ziwerengero zachuma zikuwonetsa kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, Uzbekistan ndi dziko lokulira kwambiri la CIS.

GDP kuchuluka,%

Dziko la 2018 2018 Uzbekistan 4.5 5.6 5.6 Kazakhstan 4.1 4.5 Russia 1.8 (1) Russia 1.8,5.

Source: World Bank

Pachizindikiro cha bizinesi ya World Bank pazaka 5 zapitazi, Uzbekistan wawuka kuchokera pamalo 89 a 69. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, magazini ya Economist inavomereza Uzbekistan chaka cha chaka cha ku Central Asia Unyamata wamng'ono msanga kuphatikiza chuma cha dziko lonse lapansi. "

Kupezeka kwa msika mwachilengedwe kunayambitsa kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa mpaka 2017, Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, njira zosiyanasiyana zamitengo kuchokera ku zinthu zopitilira 3,000. Zoletsa zidayamba kuchotsedwa, kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kwa zaka zitatu (2017-2019) Kuchuluka kwa $ 12 biliyoni mpaka $ 22 biliyoni (sikuti) - c $ 10 mpaka $ 15 biliyoni). Malinga ndi Uzbek Central Bank, mu 2018-2020. Gawolo la zogulitsa zokwanira zokwanira zokwanira kuchokera pa 48% mpaka 63%. Kuchokera ku malo otumiza a Uzbek a Uzbek, PA NJIRA, Russia, mwachitsanzo, Russia, mu 2020, Russia Miliyoni Opitilira Kapakati, ndi Uzbekistan idalowa Ogula anayi kwambiri ogula madzi a Russian (palimodzi ndi China, Turkey ndi India).

Nthawi yomweyo, boom boom idayamba mdzikolo, yomwe imafotokoza kufunika kofunikira ndalama zomwe zikukula. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mabanki a Uzbek adapemphanso ndalama kuti athe ndalama ku Deutush Bank.

Uzbek Woyang'anira - Kutsatira mnzake waku Russia - komanso adayamba kuganizira za vuto la kukula kwa anthu olemetsa. Makamaka popeza kusintha kwa msika kudaphatikizapo kusagwirizana ndi nzika wamba, monga kuthekera kwa zothandizira boma pazogulitsa - mkate ndi mafuta a thonje.

Amafunikira ndalama

Kubwereketsa, kufunika kwa kusintha kwapachuma kukuwonjezera kufunikira kwa dziko losungirako zakunja - komanso kofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwa mbiri ya Uzbekistan m'maso ndi mabanki akunja. Mu Novembala 2017, ofesi ya EBRD idatsegulidwa ku Tashkent, yomwe nthawi yomweyo idapatsa dziko la $ 50 miliyoni. Banki ya Asia Miliyoni Inapatsa Ngongole Zapamwamba Kwambiri . Mgwirizano wa ku European Union udapangidwa. Kuthandiza kwachuma kwa Uzbekistan wokhala ndi ndalama zokwana 168 miliyoni, chifukwa ntchito zachitukuko, maphunziro, zokopa alendo zimachitika. Tsopano Uzbekistan ndi Bank World ikupanga pulogalamu yothandizana ndi 2026. Kuphatikiza apo, chaka chatha Uzbekistan adalandira ndalama zoposa $ 1 biliyoni mu mawonekedwe a ngongole za World Bank, banki yaku Asia ndi thumba la ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi kuthana ndi Cornavirus.

Zonsezi zinapangitsa kuti dzikolo linayamba kuwonjezera ngongole zakunja. Kuyambira mu 2017 mpaka Okutobala 1, 2020, ngongole zakunja za dziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka mpaka $ 17 biliyoni mpaka $ 29 biliyoni - kupitirira 40% ya GDP. Nthawi yomweyo, ngongole za pagulu mu 2020 kuchuluka kuchokera pa 29% mpaka 36% ya GDP. Bajeti ya dzikolo ndi yopanda kanthu - ndipo kuchepa kwake kumasungidwa kwa 4% ya GDP.

Pakadali pano azachuma a Uzbek ali ndi mphamvu zosungidwa, ndipo ndikofunikira kuyembekeza kuti dzikolo ligonjetse zovuta zonse. Mliriwo udagunda Uzbekistan komanso mu onse: GDP kukula mitengo, yomwe ikuyerekezedwa ndi azachuma, idagwa mpaka 0.7% mu 2020. Koma pali chiyembekezo kuti kuyesa kwa Uzbek kudzakhala chikumbutso komanso mayiko ena padziko lapansi za kufunika kosintha kusintha.

Yolembedwa ndi: Konstantin Fromkon