Masiku ano ku malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, media, m'makato osindikizidwa mokhazikika, zolemba zimapezeka pazinthu zaku Russia Orthodox. Funso la Mpingo ndi ndalama komanso ngati amafunikira mobwerezabwereza m'mbiri ya Russia.
Olowa a Sergius Radonezhsky
Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi chakumaso konse, vutoli mu mpingo waku Russia linalemba zaka pafupifupi zisanu, pomwe mikhalidwe iwiri yotsutsana ndi otsatira St. Sergius modabwitsa amaphatikizidwa ndi malingaliro.
Othandizira a Abboot a Savolzhskaya Death Nile (Majkova) Pazinthu zoyenera zachikhristu, pomwe maziko anali gawo lodziwika bwino ndi udindo wa munthu aliyense. Ankadziwika kuti "osayimira." Udindo wina unatsatiridwa kwa mtsogoleri wa "zowongoka" Joseph Frootsky, amene amakhulupirira kuti mpingo uyenera kukhala wolimba m'masimbane ndi zachuma.
Neil Sardovsky anali wa mtundu wa onse olemekezeka Mikey, yemwe adayambitsa anali andrei Maiko, m'modzi mwa opanga otchuka. Mtsogolo woyera adabadwa mu 1433 ku Moscow ndipo muubatizo adadziwitsidwa ndi Nikolai. Anali munthu wophunzira kwambiri panthawi yake, ndipo anachita mabuku olembedwa. Pafupifupi pakati pa 1450s, Nikolai adalandira dzina lake ndi dzina la Nile ku Aslozo-belozorky amonke. Apa, mnyamatayo anapitilizabe kulembedwa, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, anadziwitsidwa ku lingaliro lazachuma.
Atatha pafupifupi kotala la zaka zana limodzi, limodzi ndi anzawo, adatenga ulendo wautali kupita kudziko loyera, kupita ku Tsirgrad ndi Atho, komwe adaphunzirapo zinthu zokonza moyo. Kubwerera ku Amayi, Neil adakhazikitsa skit pafupi ndi Kiillolov wa amonke, yemwe pambuyo pake adasandulika chipululu cha Nilo. Anakhala wotsutsa wosasintha osati yekhayo wa omtosticists, komanso zinthu zokongola kwambiri.
Joseph Orothotsky (Ivan Sanin) adabadwira m'banja labwino kwambiri mu 1439. Ndili ndi zaka makumi awiri, anavomera, ndipo anakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ku Horovy Hortoy ya Borovsky momera motsogozedwa ndi Healmen Pafnutia, yemwe iye adatenga atamwalira. Pambuyo pake, adakhazikitsa Joseph wake-volokomsky amonke. M'mbuyomu, adapita ku malo ambiri otsika mtengo, akupatuka chaka chino, kenako mawonekedwe abwino ophatikizidwa.
Ku Voruchsky Honortert panali barter ya hostel, idatengera kukhazikitsidwa kwa zingwe, kunalibe katundu wanu - ngakhale zovala ndi chakudya zinali ponseponse. Ngakhale kudalilika kwa madongosolo, apa mabwana ndi anthu azamalonda adatengedwa mwachidwi pano, zomwe zidathandizira kukulitsa chuma cha nyumba ya amonke, ndipo patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi panali tchalitchi chachikulu cha mwala, chomwe chidajambulidwa bwino. wa Dionysius.
Cathedral zaka 1503
Mosiyana ndi Nile (Majkova), njira yabwino yomwe inali gulu laling'ono la zipinda zopemphereramo pamaziko a chikondi cha a Joseph, Hemamen. Kukhazikika kwa chuma chanyumba cha amonkery sanaganizire zoyipa, pokhulupirira kuti, okakamizidwa kuti atengere utoto wazosangalatsa kwambiri, amathandizira kuti mpingo ukhale wolimba.
Mkangano wotseguka wa mayendedwe awiri adachitika ku tchalitchi cha 1503. Ndipo woyamba, ndipo wachiwiri ukugwirizana ndi kutsutsidwa kwa kutsata kwamwini mu malo achipembedzo. Nthawi yomweyo, "zipembedzo" zinalimbikitse nyumba zonse ndikusiya katundu wonse ndi nthaka, ndikuzisinthira mosungiramo boma.
Othandizira "zolumikizana" adateteza ufulu wokhala ndi katundu woopsa, kukangana kuti mpingo wolemera ungagwire ntchito zachifundo pagulu, komanso ngati kuli kofunikira, kuthandizira boma. Mwakutero, Joseph Frodotsky anali munthu woganiza bwino, zomwe zimakhulupirira kuti chuma chonse cha Russia chinali chothandiza kukonza tchalitchi chamiyala.
Zotsatira za mkangano
Kukangana pakati pa othandizira a Joseph Frodotsky ndipo Mtsinje wa Sorovsky adabuka, molinganiza, kuti akambirane za zomwe mpingo uyenera kukhala wokhudzana ndi boma. Onse oyamba ndi sekondi, ikani mitundu yambiri."Zosavuta" zinamuwona pemphelo, osachita nawo zolinga zapadziko lapansi. Amakhulupirira kuti mpingo woterewu umatha kukhala ndi mphamvu kuchokera ku zigawo zonse za anthu ndipo amatsogolera Russia patsogolo pa zolinga zapamwamba.
"Offer" adayimira gulu la mpingo lidayima motsimikiza miyendo ndi katundu wofunikira, motero ndi mphamvu zopanda malire. Mu mpingo wotere, mtima wopemphera momvera umaphatikizidwa. Pamapeto pake, amatha kukhala gulu la uzimu komanso lopanga Russia.
Ndani wapambana?
Mwamwayi, mawonekedwe omwe a Joseph Voltsky adatengedwa ku tchalitchi cha 1503. Komabe, poganizira momwe nkhaniyo ikufotokozeredwa ikhoza kuwerengedwa mosiyana. Amakhulupirira kuti Nil Sarovsky ndi Joseph Frodongy atayika. Neil anamwalira patatha zaka zisanu atamaliza kwa tchalitchi, ndipo alembi amakaikirapo anawonongedwa. Yosefe anapulumuka kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo anakhala zaka zaposachedwa ku Tsar III.
Otsatira a volokolamsy Lisumen, omwe amati iosifenene, yemwe adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chuma cha atchatrat osati phindu la Russia, koma chifukwa cha zolinga zawo.
Mu 1551, tchalitchi cha munthu, chomwe chinali chofanana ndi chopanda Nile, ndipo popanda Yosefe, ndipo wopanda vayeli, yemwe malo ake adatengedwa ndi Johnny wachichepere. Chifukwa cha zisankho zomwe zimagundana, umwini wa tchalitchili anali pafupifupi kawiri, ndipo adayamba kupanga gawo limodzi mwa ndalama zaboma.
Zotsatira
Pafupifupi zaka zana, nkhani ya chuma cha Tchalitchi idatsala, ndipo a Monontaes adapitilirabe kukula ndi chuma. Ziwerengero zosangalatsa pankhaniyi.
"Ngati theka loyamba la zaka za XVI inali (yokhotakhota) 22 oyera, kenako mu theka lachiwiri la za XVI pali kale eyiti. Mu theka loyamba la zaka za XVII, oyera 11, mu theka lachiwiri - 2. Nthawi zambiri, chiyero cha Russia chimachepa ndikuchepa. Ndipo chifukwa chake ndi chuma chautosi. Pambuyo pa zikonzedwe za 1764, madera onse a Monnies achoka ku Boma, boma la boma limasankhidwa m'malo mwa amonke. Mwambiri, zidapita kukathandiza mpingo waku Russia. Popeza tinali ndi chipululu cha Optina, nyumba ya sarov idawonekera ndi Serachimuhishka, chiyero chilengedwe cha Russia ndipo Akuluakulu aku Russia adayamba kutsitsimutsa. " N. solin
Olemba mbiri
Munjira zosiyanasiyana, malingaliro a "mafupa" ndi "osayima" mu mbiri yakale.
Valwaly Klyuchevsky ndi Nikolay Bermuev amakhulupirira kuti malingaliro a Josecelantic, omwe, mwa mawonekedwe olakwika, adazindikira kuti John Gzizny, adauza kuti adalengeza kuti adadzilengeza. Izi zidasinthira manja ake ndikuthandizira ku Okrichnin.
Georgy Flororksky adawona mkanganowu "- zochitika zamkati ndi ntchito yapagulu.
Mwinanso kuwunika kofunikira kwambiri kwa zinthu zinapatsa Nikola Lisovo ali, akukhulupirira kuti kusagwirizana pakati pa Nile ya Niles ndi Yosefe Rotsky, ndipo kusamvana ndi nthano chabe. Amakhulupirira kuti zinali njira ziwiri zokhala ndi chiyero cha Russia.
"Mwina mwakhala m'chipinda chobisika ndikungopereka pemphero lokha. Kapenanso mumagwira ntchito, musamalo, sinthani dziko lapansi - komanso malamulo a Mulungu. Ngati mukufuna kukhala m'mbiri, kumakhala ku Russia ndikuyesera ku Orthodox Russia kuti ikhale rome yachitatu, muyenera kugwira ntchito. Sizingatheke popanda chilengedwe - kuphatikiza zopindulitsa zakuthupi. " N. lisovo