"Alice ku Soundida Ndege" Lewis Carrol kuyambira buku lake loyamba mu 1865 ndipo mpaka pano amasinthana ndi zisudzo zamisala, pomwe kalulu woyera kanayamba kuzungulira, mphaka yoyera ya cheshire. Komabe, si aliyense amene akudziwa kuti Alice si chipatso chonse cha wolemba mbiri wa Chingerezi, koma Alice Kidd wa mtsikana weniweni yemwe amakhala khomo pafupi. Ndiyo amene anali wouziridwa kuti "atumize" molunjika kulowa m'dzenje la kalulu kukafunafuna maulendo.
ADME.Pa adaganiza zopeza momwe tsoka la Alice limapangidwira komanso ngati moyo wake udadzaza komanso moyo wa ngwazi zabwino.
Kudziwana kwa banja la Liddelov ndi a Alice wazaka 4 ndi Charles DoDzhson
Mu 1852, msungwana Alice anatuluka m'banja wa ku Britain, waciscise a Henry Liddell. Anali mwana wazaka 4 mwa ana 10 a Profesa 10. Sizinawerengere banja lalikulu lotere. Alongo a Lorin ndi Edoko anasangalala kwambiri ndi kampani yofunsa mafunso m'maenje a ana ake. Kuphatikiza apo, Oxford, pomwe banja lalikulu lidasamukira mu 1856, lidabweretsa ivellons kuti adziwe za Charles wazaka 24, yemwe angadziwike posachedwa ndi dziko la Lewis. Ubwenzi unayambira pa Epulo 25, 1856, banja lomwe lidapeza leiwis pojambula tchalitchi chakomweko. Liddell anali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa za luso latsopano ku luso ndipo posakhalitsa adayitanitsa Carroll kuti apange zithunzi zambiri za banja ndipo, makamaka, Alice, yemwe anali mwana wofanana kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, anali ndi chizolowezi chotsitsa chibwalo ndikuyang'ana m'chipinda chotsatira pansi pa nsidze, ndendende monga priance pambuyo pake Diana.
Alice liddell m'chifanizo cha benchi. Chithunzi Lewis Carroll.
Alice ndi alongo ake adakhala nthawi yayitali ndi Lewis, omwe ana akampani ankamva ngati nsomba m'madzi. Anapita ku yuni mbiraneumu yunivesite pamodzi, zomwe zidakhala malo omwe amakonda atsikana, zokhuza zokhutiritsa ndi mtsinje. Pambuyo pake, Alice anakumbukira kuti: "Tidapita kumtsinje pamodzi ndi Mr. Carroll, nthawi zonse amabwera ndi iye basiketi yodzaza ndi makeke. Nthawi zina timapita tsiku lonse ndikutenga mtanga waukulu ndi nkhomaliro: nkhuku, saladi ndi zina zabwino. "
Alice (kumanja) ndi alongo awo Edith ndi Loria.
Alice ndi alongo ake ankakonda kucheza ndi Lewis, chifukwa kuchokera kwa munthu wamkulu akhoza kuphunzira kwambiri. Ndipo ndi chiyani china chomwe chikufunika kufunsa kwa ubwana?
Monga mtsikana wazaka 10 adayamba kukhala a Alice ku Ndege
Pa Julayi 4, 1862, pa boti limodzi la Bike Liddell adafunsa mnzake kuti anene nkhani ina, pomwe padzakhala zamtundu wambiri. Lewis anavomera ndipo anauza alongo za maulendo a kamtsikana kakang'ono m'dziko latsemphana, komwe anagwerapo mwangozi, atalephera mu NORA RERA. Khalidwe lalikulu la Alisana lotchedwa Alice, ndipo amakumbutsa kwambiri protototype yake: Mwana wakhanda yemweyo, wokonda chidwi komanso wosakhazikika. Msungwana wazaka 10 anasangalala kuti munthuyo amakhala ndi dzina lake, ndipo anapempha bambo kuti alembe nkhani yonenedwa ndi iye. Atangoyenda kumene atsikana m'bwatomo atangolowa kampani, banja la Liddelov limasiya kulumikizana ndi bwenzi labanja. Komabe, patapita nthawi, adapatsa chisangalalo pamanja, zomwe zidayenera "kuchitika kwa Alice pansi pa dziko lapansi" ndipo, kuwonjezera, kukongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zake. Inali mphatso ya Lewis ndi Museum yake ya Khrisimasi 1864.
Gawo la zolemba pamanja.
Mu 1865, Lewis Carroll adasindikiza buku pansi paudindo wina - "Bece's Advents ku Stailand." Mwana wa Alice a Alice adadzutsa luso lake la masamu ndipo adayamba kukhala ngwazi, ana ndi akulu m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi adayamba kuwerengera zotsatsa zomwe. Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe chiri mu buku lofalitsidwako, sichofanana ndi prototype yake, kuyambira popanga zithunzi zake, ojambula a Johnnnel adagwiritsa ntchito mtsikana wosiyana kwambiri.
Wolemba pamanja adaperekedwa ndi Alice, Lewis sanadutse ndi banja. Atakumana ndi zaka zambiri okhwima ndi mtsikana yemwe adalemba kale m'mabuku ake, kuti anali wokondwa kuwona nyumba yake, koma adawona kuti sanasinthe kuti asasinthe.
Alice akhoza kukhala wachifumu wapadera
Pomwe ali okongola kwambiri patsamba la Buku la Matsenga, mtsikana wake wokondwerera ali ndi zaka 19, ndipo ndi alongo ake, Edithy ndi Loria adapita ku Baun ku Europe, ndikupanga zolowa mu burasi ndipo zojambula zowoneka. Poganizira za wolemba mbiri wachingelezi a John Robinana, anali kupaka utoto.
Ali ndi zaka 20, wazaka 20.
Malinga ndi ukulu wa Alice Vanessa Tone, msungwanayo anafuna Ahice, monga ana aakazi okongola kwambiri, adakwatirana ndi kalonga. Omwe otsala sanasangalale ndi zowonera. Mwa njira, kuti akhale a Alice achifumu apadera ndipo analidi. Amanenedwa kuti nthawi ina yomwe ali m'mbuyo mwake adayitanidwa ndi mwana wamwamuna wa Mfumukazi Victoria Leopold. Komabe, talewo adakhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo posakhalitsa Leopolold adakwatirana ndi mfumukazi yaku Germany.
Alice mu "Damake, komwe kenako kunachitikadi"
Chimango kuchokera ku filimuyo "Alice ku Soidage" (2010).
Mapeto a Seputembara 15, 1880, Ali ndi zaka 28, yemwe anali wazaka 28, yemwe sanakwatire yekhayekha, mosemphana ndi zomwe akuyembekezera, komanso chifukwa chofuna kutsimikizira. Okwatirana opangidwa kumene adakhazikika mdziko muno ku Hamshire. M'makalata ake, mwamuna wake amatchedwa nyumbayo "Kumapeto, komwe kunachitikadi kwa a Alice" ndipo nthawi zonse anagwiritsa ntchito "mkazi wanu wachikondi nthawi zonse." Amayi anapatsa maphunziro abwino Alice, kotero kunalibe mavuto a banja. Kuphatikiza apo, kutayika kwake kunali atumiki ambiri. Akazi a Hargrivs adachita chibwenzi ndi kukonza mipira, adapitiliza kujambula ndi kuchita zosemphana ndi mtengo. M'banja la Alonda sanaliwewe mtumiki wa khalilo yekhayo, komanso anali ndi moyo wokagwira ntchito, amatenga purezidenti woyamba wa mayiko a akazi am'deralo. Hargrivs anali ndi ana atatu. Wachiwiri wa iwo adatchedwa Leopold, wowongoka ngati wachifumu uchager Alice. Mwa njira, anali msungwana wake yemwe adapempha kuti akhale kholo la mnyamatayo. Eya, kalonga wokha mwana wake wamkazi woyamba asanayime ngati Alice. Mwana wachitatu wa Hargrivs adalandira dzina la Caryl. China chake chimakumbutsa, sichoncho?
Kalonga Leopold ndi mwana wamkazi Alice.
Alice anali mayi wamphamvu komanso wokhwima: Analetsa mwana wake wamkazi Caiano, omwe sanalole mwana wake wamwamuna kulengeza zake zoti atheretu, kuti mkwatibwi wake anali waku America. Mwanza, Lewis Carroll Alisa adathandizira kulumikizana. Mu Marichi 1885, m'modzi mwa makalatawo, wolemba yemwe ali ndi Nastalgia amakumbukira, omwe "bwenzi labwino" anali Akazi a Hargrivs. Nthawi yotsiriza Alice anakumana naye mu 1891, pomwe, limodzi ndi alongo ake, iye anachezera munthu ku Oxford.
Alice adagulitsa zolemba pamanja zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa a Carroll iye kuti alipire ngongole
Atakhala mwana wamwamuna woyamba wa Alan ndi Leopold, kenako mwamuna wake alice, kuti alipire ndalama zolembedwa pansi pa "kuchitika kwa Alice padziko lapansi" komwe karroll. Mu 1928, bukuli lidagulitsidwa kwa aku America kuti agulitse kwa $ 15,400. Wake mwana wachikulire wa Alice sanafune kulolera mkazi wina mtsogolo. Komanso, zomwe anasankha anali wamasiye wokhala ndi ana awiri akuluakulu. Njira ina, adakwatirana, ndipo posakhalitsa mdzukulu wa Akazi a Akazi a Harglean, omwe amadyetsa magawo a Alice, kudyetsa magawo a shuga kunawonekera. Pambuyo pake, msungwana wokamfunsayo adakumbukira agogo akewo ndi nkhalamba yakuda, yopukutira nkhuku mu tchire. Mkazi wachikulire nthawi ndi mkazi wake adadandaula kwa Mwana wake kuti watopa pakukhala ali ndi dziko la zozizwitsa. Komabe, mu 1932, kuyambira zaka za kubadwa kwa a Carrall, iye, panthawi yamasiye ya zaka 80, mwana wamwamuna ndi alongo a ku New York kuti alandire digiri ya Columbia kuti alandire mabuku . Malingaliro ake, ulendowo unakhala wosangalatsa ngati "maulendo pansi mobisa".
Ali ndi zaka 82, prototype wa ngwazi zabwino sizinachitike, koma Alice lizell adakhala kubwereza m'mbiri ngati atsikana odziwira agwa.
Kodi nchiyani chomwe chinakukhudzani mu nkhani ya Alice? Kodi mudawerenga buku la Lewis carringla kapena mwina kuwunika imodzi ya zikopa za nthano yotchuka?