Pali zitsulo zomwe zikuyenera kupanga, mukakhala mu ore, zomwe zili mu oren, ndipo pali omwe amakhulupirira zokhala ndi zitsulo zikwizikwi. Zitsulo zina zimawononga ma ruble 15 pa kilogalamu, pomwe ena amathetsa ma ruble opitilira 10,000 pa gram. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani zitsulo zina zimayamikiridwa kwambiri?
Kumayambiriro kwa kukhalapo kwa anthu, zitsulo zinali zofunika kuti zida kapena zida zitha kupangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, ndipo zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zimangoyamikiridwa ngati malo olipira padziko lonse lapansi. Panali nthawi zina pomwe siliva inali chitsulo chokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo zinachitika kuti nthawi zina aluminiyamu nthawi inali yamtengo wapatali kuposa golide.
Koma popeza zaka za zana la XIX, ndikupanga katswiri wa sayansi, kufunikira kwa zitsulo, mtengo wake ": adayamba kuthokoza chifukwa cha kukongola ndi kungosinthana, gawo lofunikira pamtengowo lidapezeka khalani ofunikira pa malonda amenewo.
Mwina tinganene kuti zitsulo zonse zakhala m'lingaliro la zamtengo wapatali? Zitsulo zina, kuchotsera zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi yophukira, idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwonjezereka kwa iwo, zomwe zidawonjezera mtengo wawo.
Mwachitsanzo, mphaka yotheratu yothira mpweya, yomwe ikuphatikiza papupom ndi palladium, ndi wagalimoto iliyonse yopangidwa ndi mayiko aku Japan kapena kumadzulo. Ndipo mtengo wa chitani chilichonse chotere ndi ma ruble zikwi zikwi, ndipo chaka chilichonse magalimoto ambiri amapangidwa pachaka padziko lapansi.
Zosowa Zapadziko Lapansi - Scandamium, YNTrium, Ladenis ndi Zitsulo za gulu la a Lantanoids ndizofunikira m'magetsi, ankhondo, ukadaulo wa nyukiliya ndi danga. Avestos nawo amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kutsutsa komanso kutsutsana.
Cerium, Lantan ndi Nentanmium imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamagetsi, monga mapiritsi.
Lutetia imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana zowunikira.
Tulia - m'magawo onyamula X.
Kwa a Lasers, chidwi, Erbium, Thrium, Europe ndizofunikira. Mu ukadaulo wa laser ndikupanga magioni amphamvu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu a Elecrocracracks, gadolinium ya mphepo, gadolinium, Samarium, Newdymium ndi Prasedym amagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wa Rocket.
Popanga mafoni - Europe ndi Thrium.
Cerium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira mu ntchito ya catalytic yopanda mafuta oyeretsa mabizinesi oyeretsa.
Lantan akufunika pakupanga mabatire ndi mafuta a catalytic, komanso chifukwa chagalasi ndi njira yayikulu yotsimikizika.
Scandarium - popanga magawo osiyanasiyana a Aenthosteros reactace.
Yyttrium - zida zowongolera mu mpweya wabwino komanso zowonjezera zapamwamba kwambiri.
10 Zitsulo Zokwera Kwambiri:
- Pamapetoni pali siliva. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito podzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera, monga walonda makamaka mankhwala ofunikira (aviation, cosmotoatics, ma elekinolonictiactionstics apakompyuta), pa chithunzi, kuti azingopanga magalasi apamwamba kwambiri, mukupanga mabatire. Mtengo wake uli pafupifupi 50 rubles pa gramu.
- Malo achisanu ndi chinayi ndi Scandaum. Mtengo wake ndi madola 3-4 pa gram.
- Pamalo asanu ndi atatu ndi rhenium. Mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi madola 5 pa gram.
- Pamalo asanu ndi chiwiri ndi ruthenium. Mtengo wake ndi madola 7-8 pa gramu.
- Pamalo achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi osmay. Mtengo wake ndi madola 12-17 pa gramu.
- Platinamu ali pamalo achisanu. Mtengo wake ndi 28-30 madola pa gramu.
- M'dera lachinayi ndi Iridium. Mtengo wake ndi madola 47-50 pa gram.
- Mu malo achitatu ndi golide. Mtengo wake ndi madola 45-50 pa gramu.
- M'malo achiwiri ndi palladium. Mtengo wake uli pafupifupi $ 60 pa gramu.
- Zitsulo zokwera mtengo kwambiri - rhodium, mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi $ 190 pa gramu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani amakampani, popanga magalasi ndi nyali nyali, komanso zodzikongoletsera. M'chaka chambiri, migodi ya rhodium ndi pafupifupi matani 30.
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, zitsulo zinapangidwa mwaluso chifukwa cha zojambula za nyukiliya ku Atomichars zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wamakono. M'nthawi yathu ino, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kukuchulukirachulukira, koma ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa zinthu zapadziko lapansi. Pa stock kusinthitsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zomwe sizimachita malonda, m'malo mwake - malonda m'matumbo awa amaloledwa pokhapokha ngati iaea.
187. Mtengo wa gram imodzi ndi madola 200,000. Ntchito ngati chothandizira pamavuto, mu mankhwala ndikupanga zida zoyezera bwino kwambiri. Pafupifupi magalamu 8 amangina pachaka; Dziko lokhalo lomwe limadetsa ndi Kazakhstan.
California-252. Mtengo wa gram imodzi ndi madola 10 miliyoni. Migodi yapachaka ndi ma micrograms 30-40. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala ku ma radiation mankhwala a oncology, komanso kuzindikira zolakwika zamkati mu ma atomic vankhani ndi ndege.
Nthawi yomweyo, kufunikira kwa zinthu zina zapadziko lapansi chaka ndi chaka kumakula, komwe kumawonjezera mtengo wawo. Posachedwa kwambiri, palletium mtengo wotsika mtengo kuposa golide, koma pazaka 20 zapitazi adawuka kangapo.
Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi vuto komwe mumayika ndalama zaulere kwa zaka zingapo - mwina muyenera kugula kilogalamu - palladium ina kapena platinamu. Kapenanso kugula newdymium - m'zaka 10 zapitazi kumwa kwake kwachuluka nthawi 12, ndipo mtengo wake unayamba kukula.
Wolemba - Igor Vadimov
Gwero - Springzhizni.ru.