Aperisi ndi amodzi mwa anthu akulu ndi odziwika bwino. M'mabaibulo omwe adatha kupanga ufumu wamphamvu, womwe udaposa mayiko ena adziko lapansi. Khalidwe lalikulu kwambiri la chitukuko cha Perisiya lomwe lidaloledwa kumanga chikhalidwe chake, chipembedzo, mateji ya sayansi ya sayansi komanso nyimbo, ambiri omwe amagwirizana ndi lero.
Pakati pa Aperisi kumeneko anali oganiza zambiri, asayansi, anthu aluso. Masiku ano, anthu awa amasunga mbiri yawo yoyera, ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika mu dongosolo lazikhalidwe. Sadzaiwala kuti makolo awo atatha kupanga ufumu waukulu wochokera m'mafuko angapo. Kodi Aperisi amaonekera bwanji? Kodi mphamvu zawo zidayamba bwanji? Ndipo kodi Persia yamphamvu ndi yamphamvu yamphamvu ija idawonongeka pati?
Zinsinsi za mayina a Aperisi
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kulembedwa kwa Perisiya kumapezeka muzolembazo ndi zosungidwa zakale za wolamulira wa Asuriya wa salmasasar III. Akukamba za malo ang'ono omwe ali kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Urmia, yomwe dzina lake "limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Popeza zolemba izi zalembedwa m'zaka za zana la 9 ku nthawi yathu, zitha kuganiziridwa kuti mafuko a Persia adayamba momwe amapangidwira kale. Pakapita kanthawi, m'malemba akale, zodziwika bwino kwambiri "zodziwika bwino" zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhudzana ndi okhala m'madera a Iranoh omwe amakhala ku Iranau.
Kodi dzinali limatanthauzanji? Malinga ndi olemba mabuku ndi olemba mbiri, mawu oti "amalo", ogwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira monga dzina la mafuko ena, zokhudzana ndi anthu aku Perisiya (mwachitsanzo, parfyan).
Maziko awa ndi "ntchito" ", yomwe inamasuliridwa kuchokera ku sever wakale imatanthawuza" mphamvu "," Bocky ". Mwinanso, Aperisi ankasiyanitsidwa ndi luso lamphamvu, lomwe ndi chifukwa chake mafuko ena adawaganizira kuti ngwazi zenizeni.
![Aperima - ndi mafuko angati adapanga mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? 11169_1](/userfiles/22/11169_1.webp)
Kupanga ufumu
Poyamba, Aperisi anali anali mafuko osakanikirana a mafuko. Gulu loyandikana nako linakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wawo, ndipo gawo la Perisiya linali pakati pa njira zamalonda, zomwe zikutanthauza ena mwa mafuko osakaniza.
M'mabuku ake, akuyenda kwa Persia ndi wolemba mbiri wakale akuti:
"Pali zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana, monga Penklev, Dari, Azeria ndi zilankhulo zina zilankhulo za ku Perisiya."Ndipo kulekanitsa zilankhulo zasungidwa lero, popeza Aperisi sakhala fuko limodzi, koma gulu lonse la anthu pafupi ndi mzimu, chiyambi ndi chikhalidwe cha mayiko.
![Aperima - ndi mafuko angati adapanga mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? 11169_2](/userfiles/22/11169_2.webp)
Mbiri ya Perisiya ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo angapo, chilichonse chomwe chidasinthidwa kukhala gawo latsopano la chitukuko, kusintha kwambiri zikhalidwe ndi opulumutsa a Persia. Chofunika kwambiri pakupanga anthu kumapangitsa likulu la likulu, kusalala.
Koma inali gawo loyamba lopita ku ntchito yomanga Ufumu wonse. Olamulira a Perisiya adazindikira kuti nthawi zonse zolimbitsa mizindayo ndi malire awo, kugonjetsedwa kwawo kungatheke ndi kukulitsa katundu wawo, komwe kumabweretsa chitukuko ku Boma.
Aperisi akale - olamulira adziko lapansi
Mfumu Ahemen inayambitsa mpando wamfumu wawukulu wa ACHmenidov. Onani mphamvu ya mphamvu za Perisiya, zomwe zinakhala wolimba kuposa tsiku ndi tsiku, mafuko oyandikana nawo analumbirana kukhulupirika kwa wolamulira, akujowina Persia. Komabe, nthawi yeniyeni ya Heyeda imayamba kwa Aperisi ndi Kira wamkulu.
M'zaka za zana la VI, ufumu wa Perisiya limakhala dziko lolimba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kufika kutalika komweko, komanso ndale ndi zachuma. Cyrus Great sanangopanga dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lomwe anthu omwe anthu omwe anthu anali ogwirizana pansi paulamuliro wake.
![Aperima - ndi mafuko angati adapanga mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? 11169_3](/userfiles/22/11169_3.webp)
Mfumuyi inali yonyengerera komanso yotchuka. Asanagonjetse maulamuliro osakwanira, adaganiza zomanganso likulu latsopanoli, pasadada. Ntchito zonse za Kira zidakhazikitsidwa kwathunthu mumzinda uno, zomwe zidakhala kukomoka koona kwa dziko lapansi la Aperisi.
Malingaliro anga, kupambana kwa kugonjetsedwa kwa akugwira Kira ndi kufulumira kwa malire a Persia sikunali chifukwa cha luso la ankhondo. Ndondomeko ya mfumuyi sizinkakhazikika pakupembedza, koma kuteteza kwa zizindikiro ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ogonjetsedwa.
Anthu ochokera kumadera omwe agonjetsedwa sanakhale akapolo, sanatenge madera, ndipo zikhulupiriro ndi miyambo zinakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa cha ichi, Arira adakwanitsa kugonjetsa Babulo, yemwe nzika zake za Perisiya zili ndi Mpulumutsi wawo. Ngakhale anthu achiyuda nthawi zambiri amalankhula za Kiru Great monga Mesiya.
![Aperima - ndi mafuko angati adapanga mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? 11169_4](/userfiles/22/11169_4.webp)
Kutha kwa ufumu wa Perisiya
Imfa ya Kira idawululira Aperisi ndi anthu omwe adagawa dzikolo ndi iwo, pakukhumudwa kwambiri. Komabe, Dariyo adakhala wolowa m'malo mwa Tsar wamkulu, yemwe adalowa ngati msinkhu waluso, wokonza waluso ndi wandale. Ku Daria, malire a ufumu wa Perisiya amafika malire - ochokera ku Egypt kupita ku India.
Boma lalikulu lidalumikizidwa ndi misewu yambiri, yomwe idatambasulira kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina. Komabe, gulu la Dariyo silinali mitambo - nthawi imeneyo zipolowe zowala.
![Aperima - ndi mafuko angati adapanga mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? 11169_5](/userfiles/22/11169_5.webp)
Kukula kwakukulu kumakhudza Atene ndi Korinto, magulu awo ankhondo awo anakhudza anthu Aperisi. Ngakhale mphamvu ya gulu lankhondo la Perisiya, adalephera kuphwanya Agiriki. Kugonjetsedwa kunkhondo iyi kunadziwa bwino Daria, Mfumu Xerxes.
Ufumu wa Perisiya umasokonekera m'zaka za zana la IV mpaka pano. Kamodzi wa Persia wamkulu, yemwe adalamulira mikhalidwe yake kwa anthu oyandikana nawo, adagonjetsedwa. Tsopano Alexander Maceddonsky adawoneka kale Mgonjetsi la Aperisi. Komabe, chitsogozo cha Persia chinali champhamvu kwambiri kotero kuti Mtsogoleri wodziwikayo adadziwonetsa yekha ngati woimira mzera wazotsatira.
![Aperima - ndi mafuko angati adapanga mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? 11169_6](/userfiles/22/11169_6.webp)
Aperisi - anthu omwe adapereka njira yosangalatsa komanso yovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi, Iran Iran amatchedwa Persia, koma m'gawo la State Mawu awa sanagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Masiku ano, nthumwi za anthu "padenga" kapena "fars", monga anthu a Aresita, omwe anthu opitilira 40 miliyoni amakhala m'mizinda ndi midzi ya Irana. Mitundu yomwe inali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi mayiko ambiri, lero akhala mdzikolo, omwe amatha kutchedwa gawo la anthu aku Perisiya.