Hauv ib qho haujlwm tshiab ntawm TV channel Tnv, xam phaj nrog tus kws tshawb fawb Tatar zoo nkauj thiab cov kws tshaj lij yuav luam tawm rau hnub ua haujlwm.
Tus neeg sib tw ntawm lub cev thiab lej, koom nrog tus xibfwb Marat Vazicovich Marat Vazichovich tau los ua ib qho haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm ib qho phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb.
Hauv kev sib tham nrog tus lej, tnv, Lotfullin tau hais txog txoj hlua thiab ua kom muaj kev paub ntau yam nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, ntxiv rau ntawm Tatar-lus kws tshaj lij.
"Muaj kev kawm hauv Tatar lus, tab sis hauv Lavxias - lawv tsis txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus"
- Koj sawv ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm hauv tebchaws hauv 90s. Dab tsi nce qib thiab kev ua tiav koj puas pom hnub no?
- Yog lawm, Kuv yog ib tus neeg uas tau koom nrog hauv kev kawm hauv tebchaws. Tom qab ntawd ib pab pawg ntseeg loj tau ua haujlwm, txoj haujlwm thiab ib tus neeg yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau txoj haujlwm ntawd. Qhov tseeb yog tias peb siv cov kab lus ib txwm, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev suav neeg, thiab nws muaj lub ntsiab ntawm kev nkag siab hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab hauv Russia. Piv txwv li, hauv Russia hauv kev txhais ntawm Tishkov, qhov no yog hom lus uas tus neeg muaj. Lub ntiaj teb tau suav tias yog hom lus ib txwm - cov lus ntawm lawv cov neeg.
- Koj puas muaj qhov sib txawv?
- Loj txawv! Ib tus neeg yuav tsis muaj hom lus ib txwm muaj thiab qhov no yog lub cim ntawm assimilation. Piv txwv li, raws li kev suav pej xeem 2010, Tatars 5 lab ntawm lawv 1 lab tsis hais lus. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub Tatar los ntawm 2010 yog 25% assimilation. Kuv xav tias, ntawm kev suav pej xeem ntawm lub xyoo no, qhov ntsuas no yuav nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, hom lus ib txwm yog hom lus ntawm koj cov neeg. Rau cov tatars, cov lus Lavxias tsis yog, txawm tias lawv tsis muaj lub Tatar.
- I.E. Tus kheej thiab hom lus tau txuas?
- Kev txuas ntxiv heev! Sij hawm dhau mus, tsis yog ib qho kev paub lus zoo tseem yuav ua rau qhov tseeb tias tus neeg yuav plam kab lis kev cai ntawm nws cov neeg.
- Tom qab muaj pes tsawg tiam?
- Txog 2 tiam. Kuv xav nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm hauv tebchaws, uas cuam tshuam hais tias muaj qee yam kev kawm nruab nrab. Tab sis, tej kev kawm ntawv yog teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm kev kawm rau kev kawm nyob hauv kev saib xyuas yog kev saib xyuas, uas tau thov tsuas yog hauv peb lub tebchaws. Muaj kev kawm hauv Tatar lus, tab sis hauv Lavxias - lawv tsis txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus! Tib yam tseem ceeb thiab kev paub.
- Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Kev Kawm Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws thiab Kev Paub Lus kuj muaj cov ntsiab?
- Yog lawm, tau kawg, ncaj qha! Vim tias cov lus tsis tau txais. Txhua tus neeg yug los yam tsis muaj lus.
- Tab sis peb hais tias tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib puag ncig, tsev neeg lossis ib lub tsev kawm ntawv xwb?
- Tsev kawm - Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshaj Tawm! Tsev neeg tsuas yog thaum ib tug neeg pw. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua yam lub neej nyob rau hauv qib pib, tom haujlwm, tom tsev kawm ntawv.
- Tab sis coob tus neeg hais tias Tatar lus yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv tsev neeg ...
"Yog tias nws yog li ntawd, ces Kazan Tatars yuav tsis Blick lawv cov menyuam thiab." Tom qab tag nrho, thaum lawv tuaj txog ntawm lub zos ntawm lawv hom lus yog Tatar, lawv tau qhia nws, tab sis lawv cov menyuam tau muab sib qhia ua ntej.
"Tatars nkag mus hauv Lavxias nrog lawv thaj av, lawv tsis tau poob ntawm lub hli!"
- Koj ua tiav kev kawm hauv koj haiv neeg ib txwm muaj li cas (TATAR) hauv 90s? Peb tau txais dab tsi tam sim no?
- 90s yog lub xyoo ntawm Renaissance, rov qab los. Yog tias koj saib ntawm zaj dab neeg, ces tatars muaj ib txwm muaj kev kawm zoo heev. Ua ntej koom nrog Russia thiab tom qab koom nrog Russia, cov kab ke no tau tshwj tseg. Tau kawg, ib qhov twg 200 xyoo nws yog hauv av, tab sis txij li thaum 1700 nws tau raug tso cai qhib mosques thiab nrog lawv madrasa thiab tag nrho cov tatars tau txais kev kawm.
Xyoo 1870, ib txoj haujlwm los ua kom tsim cov neeg txawv teb chaws tau txais yuav hauv Russia, nws tau saws los ntawm Tolstoy. Nws muaj ib ntu loj, seem rau lub tatars. Thiab tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, kev tsim ntawm lub xeev theem kev kawm hauv Tatar lus. Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Loj Tshaj Plaws yog kev ywj pheej hauv tebchaws hauv lawv lub ntsiab lus. Qee cov neeg tau feem ntau tso, piv txwv li, Finns, tus ncej tsim ib lub xeev cais. Tatars ntawm keeb kwm txoj hmoo tseem ua ib feem ntawm Russia, tab sis rau lawv muaj tag nrho cov xwm txheej rau kev kawm.
Nws puas tau ntev ntev?
- Txog rau xyoo 1934. Ua ntej ntawd, Tatars tsis muaj kev kawm pej xeem, nws muaj nyob ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov neeg. Kev kawm ntawv tsuas yog hauv Lavxias thiab dawb, thiab Tatars tau raug cob qhia ntawm lawv tus kheej cov nqi. Ntxiv mus, hauv Madrasa, nws raug txwv tsis pub kawm lej, Chemistry, biology. Madrasa "Izh-Bubi" muaj npe nrov rau qhov tseeb tias muaj cov khoom hauv Tatar lus thiab rau qhov no lawv raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj tau 10 xyoo.
Xyoo 1920, cov koom pheej Tatarstan tau tsim, tab sis twb muaj 18 xyoo, thawj ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev pub dawb, yuav tsum tau ua, thawj txoj kev kawm hauv Tatar lus. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm tag nrho cov menyuam yaus ntawm tsev muaj hnub nyoog kawm ntawv, txhua theem, nce mus rau University. Kuv tau saib cov ntawv hauv Moscow, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau hauv txhua lub tsev kawm hauv txhua cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.
- Nws tau tshwm sim tag nrho li cas?
- Cov kws qhia ntawv tau luam tawm, npaj cov kws qhia ntawv hauv OMSK, Tomsk, UFA, Orenburg. Ua haujlwm pedechils, cov tub ntxhais kawm ua ntej. Hauv lub tsev tshaj tawm "enlightenment" luam tawm cov phau ntawv, tsuas yog ib ceg ua haujlwm hauv Kazan. Cov phau ntawv no txuas ntxiv thoob plaws Lavxias. Hauv Ministry of Education yog Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws, uas txhua tus tswj tau. Tsis muaj diassparsa tatars nyob rau hauv Russia, vim hais tias Russia yog qhov yug ntawm Tatars. Tatars nyob hauv teb chaws USA - diaserapa. Tatars nkag mus hauv Lavxias nrog lawv thaj av, lawv tsis tau poob ntawm lub hli!
Xyoo 1934, nws raug tso cai xaiv cov lus ywj siab kawm uas peb khav. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kev kawm rau txhua tus qauv ntawm kev kawm txuj ci, vim tias txhua tus xibfwb qhia ntawv zoo, Disterweg, Minsinsky tau hais tias kev kawm yuav tsum yog ua lawv hom lus. Disterweg tau hais tias: "Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tsis yog hom lus ntawm kev qhia, lawv yuav tsum yog cov sawv cev ntawm cov neeg no, muaj kab lis kev cai."
Tom qab ntawd, cov tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj Tatar pib kaw, kev kawm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv nres. Tab sis ib qho tshwj xeeb K Natisk pib xyoo 1937, twb tau qhia txog kev xeem rau Lavxias, thiab ua lawv cov lus raug muab tseg, sau ntawv tau hloov mus rau Cyrillic. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov ua rog zoo, txhua lub tebchaws kawm tsev kawm qib siab hauv lwm lub tebchaws uas tsis muaj nyiaj ib yam nkaus. Thiab ib txwm muaj, tsev kawm ntawv uas tsis muaj kev kawm raug kaw.
Hauv Tatarstan, rau 4 xyoo ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv hauv Tatar, lawv tsis tau npaj.
- Koj puas yog txhais tau tias leej twg?
- Ua lej, kws khomob, biologist.
- I.E. Cov no puas yog cov uas yuav tsum qhia cov lus?
- Yog! Vim tias kuv tau hu ua qhov no taus, thiab ua kom muaj cov khoom lag luam - koj xav tau tus tswv. Nyob rau hauv Tatarstan muaj lwm txoj cai, ib hom lus Tatar tau tshaj tawm hauv lub xeev, thiab ib qho kev kawm rau cov lus qhia ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia rau lub neej tau saws. Tam sim no peb muaj cov lus Tatar tsis siv rau hauv lub neej. Tab sis hauv Tatar lus, koj tuaj yeem ua raws kev kawm siab dua, kev tsim khoom. Tatar lus muaj nyob rau hauv cov naj npawb ntawm European lus nrog kev pab ntawm Finns. Piv txwv li, Kuv tau qhia ib qho ntawm ib ntawm cov rooj sib tham hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrog Tatar lus ntawm kev cob qhia, Kuv tau hais tias txhua yam kev kawm raug qhia hauv Tatar. Los ntawm phau ntawv nug cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas? Koj puas qhia lej hauv Tatar lus? Thiab qhov twg koj coj cov lus? ", Thiab kuv hais tias muaj qhov twg koj, yog nws lej, yog nws ua sinus thiab cosine yog invisible Lavxias lus?! Tau kawg tsis! Kuv muaj peev xwm yaum lawv.
- Vim li cas thaum ntawd cov niam txiv ntshai muab lawv cov menyuam mus rau NationalNasiums?
- Vim tias muaj kev tshaj tawm! Tatars tsis paub lawv cov kws tshawb fawb. Tatars yog txuam nrog leej twg? Nrog seev cev, cov neeg hu nkauj, hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab cov kws sau ntawv. Thiab peb muaj ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb muaj npe nrov tsis tsuas yog hauv Tatarstan, tab sis kuj thoob qab ntuj! Piv txwv li, Rashid Serunayev, nws muaj kev txhawj xeeb heev tias tsis muaj lus Tatar hauv Kazan University, thiab kev npau suav ntawm nws, tham txog nws ntawm txhua lub Congress.
- Tab sis peb muaj lub koom haum ntawm Tatar, txhais lus ...
- Koj yuam kev, hauv tatar lus. Rau mehmate, fizmate, tsis muaj biofaq, tab sis muaj cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov chaw no!
- Nov yog tiam kawg?
- Tsis yog! Hauv 90s, nyob rau hauv Vain tsis tau zaum, peb tso ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj lus Tatar.
- Tej zaum nws tsim nyog tsim lub tsev kawm qib siab?
- University cuam tshuam los ua polylingval, suav nrog Tatar. Qhov tsis muaj tag nrho peb cov tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias - tsis muaj lus Askiv muaj zog. Piv txwv li, Kuv kawm lus Askiv hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, vim tias tus kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum yog kev tshawb fawb tom ntej ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Science Universal! Peb nyob hauv Russia thiab yuav tsum paub Lavxias, tab sis kuj kom paub txog hom lus, nws tsis ua mob, tab sis yuav ua rau txhua tus neeg. Tam sim no nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, cov qauv ntawm ntau cov tswv yim thiab cov tuam txhab txhawb cov tswv cuab ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb nrog cov lus tsawg. Lub Koom Haum no yog cais, ennobles thiab nthuav cov kev paub.
- Kev kawm qib polylingval yog txoj kev coj ua thoob ntiaj teb?
- Yog! Thiab hom lus ib txwm yog qhov kev kawm tseem ceeb. Cov. Ib tug neeg uas tsis hais nws hom lus tsis suav hais tias tus neeg txawj ntse.
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