Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua, Arstasologists tau pom muaj qhov xav tsis thoob xav tsis xav paub hauv cov txiv neej oneyy - cov poj niam thiab menyuam yaus. Xws li kev kos duab tsis haum rau cov canons zoo: hau - in profile, lub xub pwg, xwb thiab yog li ntawd cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm. Tab sis muab peb lub tswv yim meej txog cov neeg tau saib li cas 2,000 xyoo dhau los.
Admes.ru txiav txim siab los qhia seb cov txiv neej li cas, poj niam thiab cov menyuam ntawm cov xyoo thiab cov kev txiav txim siab uas lawv hnav. Thiab ua tsaug rau cov kws tshawb fawb, peb paub tias cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab thaum ub tau pleev xim - nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 63-73%.
Yuav ua li cas li portraits tshwm sim
- Egyptian kos duab, tsuas yog qhov kev zam ntawm lub sijhawm luv ntawm Falaus tus thawj coj Ehnaton, tau tsim cai: Duab puab thiab cov duab kos tau txhais tau zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev xav. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov zoo los ntawm cov duab ntawm ib tus neeg hla mus rau lwm lub ntiaj teb. Daim npog qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, uas tau raug yuam ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov mummy, kuj yog kos duab. Cov qhov ncauj qhov rooj pheej yig tau ua los ntawm cov ntaub fortified los ntawm plaster, thiab pharaohs tuaj yeem them lub ntsej muag qhov ncauj qhov ntswg ntawm kub thiab lub pob zeb muaj nuj nqis.
- Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua BC, Iyiv poob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Rome. Cov neeg Loos thiab cov neeg Greey txaus siab txais yuav cov kab lis kev cai hauv zos thiab cov kab ke, tab sis hloov tsis txhob siv lawv cov mummies muaj kev sib cav sib ceg. Tus tshiab "zam" kav mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm III caug xyoo.
- Tag nrho dhau tim lyiv teb chaws tau pom yuav luag ib txhiab xws li paintings, thiab feem ntau ntawm feem ntau pom nyob hauv fayum oasis. Rau cov kws tshawb fawb cov kws tshawb fawb no tau lawv nrog Fayum Portraits.
- Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, lawv tau ua rau ntawm ntoo planks, tsawg dua - ntawm cov kua nplaum re canvas. Nyob rau hauv cov cawv ntawm cov kos duab classical ntawm cov neeg Greek thiab cov neeg Loos, lawv tau txais kev muaj peev xwm thiab kev xav. Ib yam ntawm kev sau cov duab duab yog nco txog ntawm kev xav thiab kev tshaj lij.
- Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ncauj qhov ntswg rau fayum portrait tsis tau muaj. Thaum kev khawb, ib lub qhov ntxa nrog ib me ntawm ib tsev neeg tau pom. Thiab qhov xav paub, cov menyuam yaus thiab poj niam tau muaj duab, thiab nws tus txiv muaj daim npog kub-plated hloov.
- Iyiv Flinders PithreThaum tau sib cav tias ntau cov duab tau ua thaum tib neeg lub neej thiab tej zaum dai nws lub tsev. Cov version ntawm ptri qhia tias ntau cov duab sib dhos yog txiav kom haum rau hauv cov ntaub qhwv FLAX.
- Txawm hais tias muaj duab, uas tau meej meej ua rau cheb: txoj cai ntawm cramps ntawm cov canvas, mus rau hauv uas lub mummy qhwv.
Yuav ua li cas thiab rau leej twg cov duab portraits tau kos
- Tsawg tsawg tus neeg tuaj yeem them taus tus duab duab. Flinders Pithre tau hais tias ntawm txhua tus niam nws pom, tsuas yog 1-2-2% tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm cov neeg. Tab sis ntawm cov neeg muaj nyiaj los xaj duab, muaj lawv kev kawm tiav.
- Nyob zoo cov duab duab tau kos los ntawm molten xim ciab. Ua tsaug rau cov huab cua kub sov ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, lawv txawm tam sim no, tom qab 18-20 xyoo, lawv khaws lawv cov xim.
- Kev dai kom zoo nkauj thiab wreaths ntawm cov nplua nuj poj niam thiab txiv neej cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm aud lyiv teb chaws dub uas tau los ntawm daim phiaj nyias ntawm qhov kub tiag - ib lub ntxa. Xws li duab no, raws li txoj cai, tau ua los ntawm ntau cov peev xwm masters.
- Rau cov portraits pheej yig dua, qhov ntsuas kub tau siv rau ntawm lub hauv paus yolk. Tab sis ntau daim duab tau tsim los ntawm Tever tau yooj yim los ntawm kev tua, pleev xim rau cov khoom pheej yig thiab, ntxiv lawm, lawv tau raug mob thaum lub sijhawm.
Uas tau piav qhia txog fayum portraits
- Txawm hais tias tom qab kev kov yeej hauv lub tebchaws tau coj los ntawm Loos thiab cov Greeks, muaj ntau tus Iyiv rau cov duab fayum. Coob leej ntawm thawj lub teb chaws Greek tau sib yuav cov neeg hauv nroog tebchaws Iyi cov neeg hauv zos, saws lawv cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev ntseeg thiab ua ib yam dab tsi hauv nws.
- Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub npe Greek lossis Latin lub npe hauv daim duab tsis txhais tau tias nyob rau nws ntawm kev zam, ntau cov neeg Iyiv tau coj lawv tus kheej xws li "xwm txheej".
- Cov poj niam hauv cov duab fayum tau muaj xwm txheej muaj ntau yam plaub hau, hauv cov khaub ncaws nplua nuj thiab dai kom zoo nkauj. Lawv tau muaj kev txhawj xeeb nyob hauv cov xim sib txawv: dawb, liab, daj, lilac, xiav lossis liab dawb.
- Cov tub rog thiab cov ntaus pob ncaws pob Fayum fayum pleev xim pleev xim rau kev txhawj xeeb thiab nrog liab qab xwb. Feem ntau, cov txiv neej tau feem ntau muaj cov khaub ncaws dawb, thiab tsuas kub wreaths nyob rau lawv.
- Cov menyuam yaus ntawm fayum duab tau muaj xwm yeem nrog cov caj dab kub, uas cov amulet raug tshem tawm.
- Nrog xws li caj dab ntawm caj dab, ib tug me me tub hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos, uas nws niam thiab huab tais yog nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawm Iyiv kos duab hauv Munich. Txhawm rau nrhiav seb nws tau ntsia li cas hauv lub neej, cov kws tshawb fawb tsim tsa nws niam. Thiab nws tau muab tawm tias tus kws kos txuj ci txawm hais tias kuv tau pleev xim rau tus menyuam zoo li zoo li no, tab sis kuv piav qhia ib tug menyuam laus dua tau ntau xyoo.
- Thaum cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tau ua tej mlom ntawm cov poj niam, lawv feem ntau ua pov thawj ntau dua thiab zoo nkauj tshaj qhov tseeb. Tab sis cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub xyoo yog txhob txwm tsis yaj - nws ntseeg tias lub hnub nyoog paub tab yog kev kho kom zoo dua qub.
- Muaj qee qhov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm Fayum Portraits: Cov menyuam yaus, cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov poj niam muaj feem ntau nyob rau ntawd. Nws tsuas yog piav qhia meej: lub neej nyob rau hauv cov hnub uas cov neeg nplua nuj tau luv. Thiab kom nyob kom txog thaum lub sijhawm koj kos xws li ib daim duab, ob peb cov neeg muaj peev xwm.
- Muaj lwm qhov kev nthuav dav: Cov poj niam hauv cov duab tha xim muaj cov plaub hau sib txawv, uas yog, nyob rau hauv cov hnub zam hloov. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm cov plaub hau thiab cov hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov poj niam, cov kws tshawb fawb paub txog dab tsi era muaj ib lossis lwm daim duab. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sijhawm kav ntawm huab tais, Tibhiiius cov poj niam hnav cov plaub hau zoo nkauj nrog kev sib raug zoo nrog curls, braids thiab nqis rau hauv pliaj.
Koj puas tau them sai sai rau tias txhua qhov ntswg duab yog txig du, thiab lub qhov muag loj thiab tob? Koj xav li cas yog vim li cas?