Zaj lus qhib no, uas ib zaug thiab ib txwm tau hloov pauv ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg loj ntawm lub hnub ci.
Ncig Saib Dua - Voyager
Nyob rau hauv lig 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, NASA muaj qhov chaw ncig xyuas ncig, nyob rau hauv cov kws tshawb fawb tau npaj hu ua plaub yam ntawm hnub ci rau sab nraud. Ob xyoo 1977 - rau Jupiter, Saturn, pluto, ob ntxiv nyob rau hauv 1979 - rau Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune. Tab sis, raws li feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hauv chaw, tsoomfwv Asmeskas tau txiav tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm kev lag luam. Kho tau nyob rau hauv kev nyiam ntawm cov twb pom zoo shttl program - los ntawm 1 billion las rau 360 lab las. NASA cov kws tshaj lij hloov kho lub phiaj xwm thiab txiav txim siab xa ob yam tsis muaj plaub qhov kev sim. Yog lawm, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev ntsuas lub cev txwv. Hloov chaw rau tam sim no, muaj peb ntawm lawv: Jupiter, Saturn, Titan. Lub ntiaj teb kawg yog kev nyiam tshwj xeeb. Daim ntawv teev npe muaj qhov tseeb tias qhov no yog Satellite ntawm lub hnub ci, uas muaj cov cua.
Ob lub mariner Series tau npaj rau lub davhlau: "Mariner-11" thiab "Mariner-12". Cov chaw nres ntawm cov hom NASA no siv txij li xyoo 1962, nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv lawv tau xa mus rau Venus, Mars thiab Mercury. Lub Tebchaws Yog Ncig Tebchaws tau hloov tsa Mariner Jupiter-Saturnt, thiab xyoo 1977 txoj haujlwm tau muab lub npe tshiab - Voyager. Tam sim no cov kev sim tau hu ua "Voyager-1" thiab "Voyager-2". Ob ntawm lawv tau mus ntawm txoj kev xyoo 1977 nrog qhov txawv ntawm 16 hnub. Nws yog Ameslikas tau npaj tseg tias kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav yog 5 xyoos, tab sis, raws li koj tau ya mus yuav luag 44 xyoos.
Koob yees duab "Voyagerov"
On board "voyagov" muaj ob lub koob yees duab TV - dav-kaum ntse ntse thiab nqaim-kaum. Tsom xam mus rau lawv lo ntsiab muag ntawm lawv lo ntsiab muag 200 hli thiab 1500 hli, lub kaum ntawm 3.2 ° thiab 0.42 °, feem. NASA lub vev xaib hais tias cov ntawv tso cai ntawm nqaim-lub songled chamber yog txaus kom nyeem ntawv xov xwm los ntawm kev deb ntawm 1 km. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov no yog cov koob yees duab siab tshaj plaws tau nyiam ntawm chaw nres tsheb.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv tau txais kev cawm ntawm digital Ribbon Tsav. Thaum lub sijhawm kawm ntawm lub ntiaj chaw lossis nws lub hnub qub, cov ntaub ntawv no tau tsim ntau sai dua li lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau lub ntiaj teb. Hauv lwm lo lus, thaum lub sijhawm ua rau lub ntiaj chaw, qhov kev sojntsuam, thiab lub cim xeeb tau txaus ntawm 100. yog li ntawd, kom nrawm rau hauv ib qho network ntawm radiotheloscopes ntawm Qhov chaw sib sib zog nqus network sib sib zog nqus network (DSN). Raws li NASA qhov chaw, Voyager-1 cov ntaub ntawv yog kis tau rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm 160 BPS, 34-'meter' meter DSN antennas tau siv kom tau txais lub teeb liab.
[Nyeem ntxiv, raws li spacecraft xa cov duab rau lub ntiaj teb, koj tuaj yeem los ntawm peb cov ntawv "Yuav ua li cas cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais cov duab tsim los ntawm Huab Cua Ua los ntawm Spacecraft"]
Txhua lub koob yees duab muaj nws lub taub hau lim, uas muaj cov txiv kab ntxwv, ntsuab, lawv tuaj yeem ua ke kom tau txais cov duab nyob rau yuav luag cov xim muaj tseeb.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tua "voyager-1" siv cov ntxaij lim dej. Daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lub hli yog tsim los ntawm kev deb ntawm yuav luag 11.7 lab km txog ob lub lis piam tom qab pib nrhiav cov kev sojntsuam:
[Dab neeg ntawm lub snapshot hauv peb cov khoom siv: "Thawj cov duab sib koom tes ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lub hli hauv keeb kwm. Cult Snapshot, uas 43 xyoo dhau los tau ua "voyager-1" "]
Jupiter thiab IO
Thaum ntxov xyoo 1979, Voyager-1 pib kaw nrog Jupiter. Nyob rau hauv parallel, nws tau ua cov duab ntawm cov Galilas Roj Giant Satellites. Cov duab ntawm cov nkauj satellites tsis tau ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb. Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Voyager-1, lawv yuav pom zoo li qub, tab sis hloov cov astronomers, tsis yog txhua yam zoo li cov geology ntawm peb lub hli.
Ntawm tag nrho cov Kalilas Lub Chaw Sathoo, lub zej zog tshaj lij tshaj plaws los ntawm IO. Raws li kev tshawb fawb spectroscopic, IO zoo li rau cov kws tshawb fawb raws li lub cev me ntsis ntau dua lub hli, tab sis kuj tau raws li cov ntoo khaub ncaws. Ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm lub satellite ntawm Jupiter, cov kws paub cia siab tias yuav pom cov nyiaj ntawm ntau cov ntsev. Tab sis IO muab tawm mus ua lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag tsis pom kev heurney herater, kab ntxwv nrog txawv txawv, txiv kab ntxwv thiab dawb saliments. Thawj cov duab ntawm cov roj av giant satellite thawb cov cuab yeej cuab tam rau IO, uas "rejuvenated nto, ntxuav cov kab sib tw ntawm nruas craters."
Nyob rau hauv lub Peb Hlis 1979, Voyager-1 coj ib daim duab ntawm Io ntawm qhov ntev ntev los ntawm kev deb ntawm 4.5 lab KM, uas qhib cov ntaub thaiv ntawm lub hli no.
Hauv cov duab, NASA cov kws tshaj lij pom tau huab uas tau nyob hauv ntau pua mais ntawm qhov "illuminated" dickle io. Daim duab no yog:
Thaum xub thawj, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias cov no tau tsuas yog kev tawm tsam uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tua, tab sis tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws nws tau pom meej tias huab tau muaj tiag. Txij li thaum Io muaj qhov chaw sib txawv heev, cov hnub qub uas tau xaus lus tias huab yog lub voj los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob muaj zog heev. Nws tau muab daim ntawv teev npe P1.
Ib qho me ntsis tom qab, cov tswv cuab ntawm Voyager Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb pom lwm lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm ib hnub thiab hmo ntuj) ntawm IO, nws tau qhia los ntawm P2.
Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau xa los ntawm Voyager-1 qhia tau tias P1 yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws, thiab P2 yog cuam tshuam nrog lub volcanic kaw pateror pateret pateret pateret pateror pateret, nyob rau hauv uas cov nplua nuj Lava Lake nyob.
Cov kws tshaj lij tuaj txog rau qhov xaus uas muaj cov laj thawj tam sim no, thiab lawv feem ntau tso nyiaj rau cov pob tawg thaum tawg ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom: Ntau yam silicates, leej faj, sulfur dioxide.
Ntawm lwm cov duab ntawm IO, tau los ntawm Voyager-1, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom txog yim lub voj voog volcanic.
Qhov qhib ntawm kev sojntsuam thiab kev soj ntsuam tom ntej ntawm Jupiter tau pab cov kws tshaj lij thoob plaws ntiaj teb, niaj hnub no nws muaj txog 400 tus yeeb yam volcanoes.
Cov khoom siv luam tawm los ntawm peb channel
Peb muab kev phooj ywg: Twitter, Facebook, Telegram
Saib rau txhua qhov tshiab thiab nthuav los ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb txog peb Google Xov Xwm Page, nyeem peb cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau luam tawm ntawm Yandex Zen