Cais ntau yam pov tseg yog ua tau ntau zuj zus. Yas, Hlau, iav, Ntawv - Txhua yam khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab txuag ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Hlau thiab Cov iav iav thiab cov khoom siv tau ua tiav, tab sis yog nws ua tau hais tib yam li ntawv?
Yuav ua li cas thiaj sau ntawv?
Ntawv - cov khoom siv fibrous nrog ntau yam kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntxhia. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov zaub zaub uas muaj cov fibers muaj qhov ntev txaus. Nrog rau kev sib xyaw ntxiv nrog dej, lawv tig mus rau ib pawg - yas thiab homogeneous.
Cov Khoom Siv Cov Ntawv:
- Ntoo loj (cellulose);
- semicellulose;
- cellulose txhua xyoo cog hom ntoo (quav nyab, nplej, thiab lwm yam);
- rag ib nrab nthwv dej;
- Theem nrab fiber ntau (khib nyiab);
- Textile fibers (rau qee hom).
Qhov Tseeb nthuav: kev tsim muaj ntawm daim ntawv yog ntaus nqi rau Suav npe hu ua Tsai Lun - tus kws pab tswv yim ntawm huab tais. Hauv 105 n. e. Nws tau los nrog yuav ua li cas sau ntawv los ntawm paj rwb, ua tsaug rau kev pom ntawm cov taus thiab lawv zes.
Cov ntawv txheej txheem thev naus laus zis yuav txawv nyob ntawm hom khoom tiav thiab siv. Ntau lawm pib nrog kev npaj ntawm daim ntawv loj. Rau qhov no, cov khoom siv xaiv hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb yog crushed thiab nplawm.
Tom qab ntawd qhov loj yog sampled - ntxiv cov tshuaj uas nce cov ntawv hydrophobic cov khoom. Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Siv Muab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, ntau yam resins. Cov pob zeb hauv cov pob zeb thiab cov neeg tuag cia koj kom whiten daim ntawv lossis muab nws qhov xav tau ntxoov ntxoo.
Tom qab kev mob nkeeg, qhov loj mus rau hauv cov ntawv tshuab, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm txij li xyoo 1803. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los tsim cov ntawv los ntawm qhov loj. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov txheej txheem fibrous tshwm sim, uas yog lub cev qhuav dej ntxiv, qhuav thiab qhov txhab rau hauv qaws.
Qhov kawg tsim ntawm cov ntawv txheeb tshwm sim hauv calender - lub tshuab, uas muaj ntau hom kev sib hloov. Daim ntawv hla ntawm lawv, tau txais ib qho dav thiab tuab.
Muaj pes tsawg lub sij hawm ib thiab tib daim ntawv tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab?
Muaj ntau lub ncauj ke hauv lub ntiaj teb hais txog kev noj ntawv. Piv txwv li, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom ntim ntim tau nce ntxiv vim kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, tab sis tib lub sijhawm xav tau rau luam ntawv yog txo. Raws li qee cov kev tshawb fawb, kwv yees li txhua tsob ntoo 5 yog raug txiav rau nws cov khoom lag luam. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo hloov mus rau kev siv cov khoom siv raw theem nrab.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tseem muaj tus lej ntawm cov ntawv sau ua ke ntawm tib daim ntawv. Tus txheej txheem no tsis sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm thawj cov ntaub ntawv raw, nrog rau kev zam ntxiv rau cov kauj ruam ntxiv, piv txwv li, tshem tawm ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tsis tsim nyog.
Ib qho tseeb nthuav: 750 kg ntawm daim ntawv tuaj yeem tsim tawm los ntawm tons ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg. Kev tsim khoom ntawm 1 tons ntawm daim ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub tso cai rau koj kom txuag tau 20% ntawm cov hluav taws xob, txuag 314%.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog txhua cov txheej txheem ua tshiab, qhov ntev ntawm cellulose foculose fibers txo qis (txog li 10%), thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem them tus txheej txheem no. Lawv tsis yog luv luv, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyuaj dua. Cov ntawv zoo nrog cov khoom siv ntom ntom nti yog ntev li ntev tau.
Tom qab ob peb txoj kev sib txuas ua ke, cov khoom tau siv tau tsuas yog siv wrapping lossis ntawv xov xwm. Tab sis cov txheej txheem no tsis tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis kawg, vim tias vim li ntawd, los ntawm cov cellulose dhau heev fibulose nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau los ua ib daim ntawv ntawm qhov xav tau. Ib daim ntawv ntawv yuav rov ua tau los ntawm 4 txog 7 zaug.
Channel qhov chaw: https://kipmu.ru/. Sau npe yuav ua ke, muab lub siab, tso cov lus!