Bam na farko a cikin maƙiyan maƙiyin Moscow sun fadi a daren na 22 ga Yuli, 1941.
Tare da jirgin sama na farko na Jamusawa na Jamusawa, mutane 792 ne suka ji rauni, 130 daga cikinsu ya mutu, amma asara zai iya zama babba. Game da yadda aka tsara tsaron gida na yankin da ke cikin birni a zamanin babban yakin mai kishin ƙasa, bayanin gidan kayan gargajiya na karewar Moscow ta ba da labari daki-daki.
Harin jirgin sama
Direja, wanda ya ƙaddara ayyukan jirgin sama a Moscow, Hitler ya sanya hannu kan Yuli 19. Daga Belgium da Faransa, fiye da ɗaruruwan bama-bombare an tura su don magance shi. Raharin farko ya fara ne a ranar 21 ga Yuli a 20.00 a Moscow, Lokacin da 195 Abokin gaba maƙiyi na 195 ya ɗauki matakin birnin. Babban makasudin masu fastoci sune Kremlin, tashoshin, kayan aikin sama da jiragen sama.
Posts na sabis na sa ido na iska, faɗakarwa da sadarwa (an taƙaita) gano abokan gaba lokacin da arder ya ƙetare layin Roslavl - Scolensk. Kafin sakin abokin adawar zuwa yankin jefa bom ɗin akwai kusan awa daya da rabi. Ta hanyar ƙididdigar ƙididdigar, rabin waɗanda suka fara tashi sai su iya yin aikin. Jirgin ruwan Jamus ya juyar da tan 104 na bama-bama-bama-bama-fugasic kuma fiye da kilo 466, wanda ya haifar da murabba'in murhun.
Shekaru biyar da rabi na farko hari, da masu amfani da AVI-AVICRAFT sun sami kusan kusan dubu 30,000 na na'ura-sama da bindigogi a kan abokan gaba. Umurnin Soviet ya ba da rahoton halakar 22 na Jamusanci. Abokin adawar ya kuma kimanta asararsa sosai muni - a cikin motoci 6-7. Moscow ya nuna manyan halittar Luftwaffe da dare biyu masu zuwa.
Adana, "Sneakes" da kuma laifin
A cikin Moscow na Moscow, ya ba da bibiyar jirgin sama - sabis ɗin kula da iska, faɗakarwar sadarwa da sadarwa. Maƙwabta na farko sun hadu da wuraren da aka buga tun ba - "Jirgin Rediyo" Rus-1 da Rus-2, waɗanda suke cikin da'ira a nesa na har zuwa 300 km daga birni. Waɗannan sune tsarin ganowar Soviet na farko. Sai kawai ya shiga cikin Rus-1 a cikin 1940 ya ci gaba da manufa a nesa na kilomita 60-85. Rus-2 ya ƙaddara nesa, shugabanci na jirgin sama da saurin gudu a cikin radius na 100 km.
A tsakanin radius na 250 km kuma kusa da Moscow, mutane ɗari bakwai sun gabatar da lura gani. Suna da shigowar sa sauti na wayar hannu tare da tarkon hawa, an rufe shi da jakunkuna a cikin sama. Kowane irin bututun ya amsa laura, ko, kamar yadda aka kira shi, binciken, wanda aka saurara zuwa sararin fitowar amplification mai sauti. Mutanen da ke da ji da m jigo aka kai su posts: Mafi yawan lokuta mata ne, wasu lokuta hangen nesan nakasassu kuma ma makafi gaba daya. A dubawa na iya yin watsi da jirgin sama na 5 - 15 km, kuma da daddare an sarrafa shi tare da Haske, forming biyu daga "Vozhzvuk".
Tashar tashar tana da muhimmiyar bangare na tsarin kariya ta Metropolitan, saboda a farkon yakin duniya na biyu akwai wani aiki na harin harin da aka yi da dare. Kusan kashi 75 na duk bamai na Moscow, abokin adawar da aka yi da dare. Duhu ya sa ya zama da wahala ga ayyukan karbar iska, ke nuna aikin kashe gobara kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga fitowar tsoro. A farkon hare-hare a cikin yankin da aka samu a yankin da aka samu sama da 600. Matsayin gani na jirgin sama a cikin katako na babban hoton da aka yiwa daga 3 zuwa 20 kilomita.
Aerostats
Wata alama ce ta alama ta Moscack ce ballonee (AZ), wacce ta hana kallon harin daga nutse. Daga Yuli 21, 124 az posts wanda ke aiki a cikin birni, kuma a karshen 1941 adadinsu ya karu da 303. Aerostats aka cika da hydrogen. Matsayin mai yana cikin doldoprudny, da gas don yin irin mai da aka kewaye birnin an isar da shi kamar yadda zai yiwu - akan ƙafa a cikin mai zinariya mai laushi mai laushi. Saboda kamanninsu na waje, Muscovites suna rikice-rikice da balloons, da aka kira waɗanda da sauran "tsiran alade".
Wani mai nauyi na etilic ya iyakance tsayin daka na mai ɗorawa na Aerostat. Guda guda bai tashi sama da kilomita 3 ba. Tandem yana daya a tsakiyar igiyoyi, na biyu a saman - ya kai 4 kilomita. A saman "Garlands" Az ya tashi zuwa 6 km, amma irin wannan dam ya kusan ba amfani saboda hadaddun sa.
A lokacin harajin farko, bamai guda ɗaya ya shafa kwallon balan, amma, ya fasa shi, ya sami damar barin. Farkon makiya don abokan gaba tare da az ya faru a watan Agusta 11, 1941, lokacin da aka rasa ɗan ƙaramin ɗan kasa da ya rasa reshen karamavsky.
A karshen shekarar 1941, babban birnin kasar da ke cikin hanyar zahiri sun hada da karar Demitry Dmitry Givure. Tryoƙarin kiyaye dabbar da ta fashe, dmitry ya tashi zuwa gare shi a sararin sama. Maimaita kebul, tsohon metrostrovet ya kai karar aminci don ci gaba da gas. A lokacin da tsawo na jirgin ya shiga daga 600 m zuwa 1 km. A ƙarshe, Sergeant Veligur ya sauka tare da balaga 110 km daga post dinsa. Don ƙarfin ƙarfin hali, an ba shi tsari na Red Banner.
Zuriyar mahaifiyar da "Falcons na Stalin"
Zuwa na farko gwoza Luftwaffe, sararin samaniya na Moscow an kare shi da kusan 800 Antiver bindigogi (37 da 25 mm) da na'ura masu hawa 336 quadgstrest anti-336 bindigogi. Magungunan Malocamia sun tashe rufin gine-gine.
Idan aka kwatanta a wannan lokacin da sabis na kariya a Moscow da London, wakilin 'yan fansho mai ban sha'awa sun yiwa alama, "ƙyallen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ya girar tituna, daidai. Da yawa na tabo haske ya haskaka sararin sama. A London, ban nemi gani ko jin wani abu kamar haka ba. " A cikin duka, yayin yaƙin da wuta na batirin Atti-Jirgin saman, tsaro na kare iska ya harbe zuwa 210 jirgin sama.
Gaskiya da aka yi aiki: Sergey Kimentko yana daya daga cikin masu kare sararin sama na Moscow - babban mawaƙi na Alexander Cutkin. Ya sadu da yakin da shugaban kwamandan baturin jirgin sama, wanda ya tsaya a gaban gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Red Army a kan squareov). A wannan post, zuriyar babbar mawaki, tare da abokan aikinsa, ya kasance shekara biyu.
A farkon yaƙi, wanda ya saukar da shi na tsaro na sama ya ƙunshi kusan mayaƙai 500. Na farkon wanda ya yi nasarar buga abokin adawar shi ne Lieutenant Stean: Yuli 2, ya yi biris da jirgin ruwan sa na yakumiyarsa, bayan wanda ta ƙaddamar da lafiya. Bayan wata daya, a ranar 7 ga Agusta, daya daga cikin farko a tarihin daren Haranov ne ke aiwatar da Junior Lieutenant Viktor Talalikhin. Madadinsa I-16, wanda makomar Soviet ta gaba ta yi wani dan wasan na Tarayyar Turai a cikin gandun daji kusa da Moscow kawai a cikin 2014.
Garin duhu duhu
Don kawar da sakamakon fashewar fashewar, an ƙirƙiri tsarin samar da tsararraki na gida (MPVO). Yankinta sun kai 650 dubu, kwata uku ne mata. Babu wani kamfani guda ɗaya, ma'aikata, cibiyar ilimi ko ginin zama, inda babu sadaukar da kai na mayaƙan tsaron sama.
Umarni A'a. 1 Don Moscow MPVO da yankin Moscow na Yuni 22, 1941 sun ayyana wani "matsayi mai tsawo". An gabatar da cikakken haske: Kashe Haske na titi da Tallace-tallacen Haske, duk Windows sun kasance suna raguwa. Rikicin ya ci gaba har zuwa karshen yakin, kuma an kunna wutar lantarki a cikin shekarar 1942, lokacin da jiragen sama suka sami damar tsayawa.
Bugu da kari, yawancin Moscow a wannan lokacin sun kasance katako, don haka gwagwarmaya da gobara tana da mahimmanci. Kungiyoyin wuta na son rai da aka kirkira don taimaka wa ma'aikatan ma'aikatan kashe gobara, wanda ya ƙunshi har zuwa wajan mutane 205 da ke cikin aikin agogon. A lokacin yakin, sun dogara ne da manyan bama-bamai sama da 40,000 kuma sun kawar da kusan hasken wuta dubu 2.
Sakamakon dare
Daga Yuli na 1941 zuwa Afrilu 1942, abokan gaba sun yi kusan kwari dubu 9 a cikin yankin tsaron gida na Moscow. Kasa da jirgin sama 350 ya tashi zuwa babban birnin. 1.6 dubu Fugasal da 110 dubu na fusata iska aka sake saitawa ga birni, an kashe rarrabuwar mutum na 2.5 dubunai a karkashin boma-bomai, dubu 5.5 suka ji rauni.
Sergey Averyanav Editor Gidan Tayatarwar gidan tarihi. "Star jan"