A shekarar 2020, tsara makamashi daga tushe masu sabuntawa a Turai a karon farko a cikin tarihi sun wuce samar da mai burbushin halittu. Domin shekara ta biyu, iska da rana suna ta hanyar samar da kwal. Wannan ne mafi girma saboda cutar pandemic da kuma raguwa a samarwa, wanda aka lura a dukkan sassan tattalin arziki na tattalin arziki. Menene sakamakon farko na juyawa zuwa "kore"? Kuma za ta sami damar zama tsaka tsaki ta hanyar 2050 ta rage watsi da gas na greenhouse?
A bara, iska da rana ta haifar da biyar na kai. A lokaci guda, waɗannan sassan biyu sune kawai "kore", wanda ke nuna girma. Tare tare da BIOC da HYDORORETER ZAI SAMU 38.2%. Wannan mai nuna alama ya yi girma sosai a cikin 2020.
Iska ta samar da 14% na wutar lantarki na Turai, wanda shine 9% ƙarin idan aka kwatanta da 2015. Hasken rana ya jefa wani 5% a cikin gaba daya "mai kudi."
An lura da mafi karuwar karuwar a cikin Netherlands, inda aka rubuta mai nuna alamar Turai. A Faransa, "Green" makamashi a karo na farko "cike da man fetur na burbushin halittu. Kasar ta kai muhimmiyar shekara, wacce Denmark da Sweden suka gabata.
Koyaya, ci gaban makamashi sabuntawa har yanzu bai isa ba. Inganta daga irin waɗannan hanyoyin ya kamata a ɓace a kowace shekara don cimma burin da aka kafa burin Turai zuwa 2030. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, sun girma da matsakaita na TDS 38 a kowace shekara, a gaba ya kamata ya girma a talabijin 100 a kowace shekara.
Daga cikin albishir don Turai, samar da mai a cikin 2020 ya fadi da kashi 20% da rabi idan aka kwatanta da 2015. Koyaya, wasu daga cikin wannan faduwar shekarar da ta gabata ta haifar da raguwa a cikin amfani da wutar lantarki saboda pandemmic.
An lura da faɗuwar a kusan duk ƙasashe na EU (a wasu lokuta - 50%, alal misali, a cikin Netherlands).
Atomic makamashi ya fadi a kan rikodin 10%. Wannan ya faru ne saboda rage yawan samarwa a Faransa da kuma rufe tashoshin a Sweden da Jamus.
A kan ci gaba
Denmark shugaba shugaba ne a cikin gabatarwar "kore". A cikin 2010 a cikin rana da iska, kawai 20 na samarwa, bara wannan adadi ya zama 62%. Kasar kusan sau biyu ce a gaban Balibaci na Turai - Ireland.
Wannan jihar Scandinavia a karon farko ta jawo hankalin iska har zuwa makamashin iska har ma da matsalar mai 1973. Masana'antar iska tana samo asali ne kamar yadda aka samar da samfurin kayan aikin gona. Kuma turban kasuwanci na farko a kasar ta gina a 1979.
Denmark yana da wuri mai girma don samar da wutar lantarki daga Turbines, tana da dogon bakin teku. Saboda haka, a cikin 2002, a cikin Tekun Arewa, game da kilomita 14 daga tekun Jutland, tsire-tsire mafi girma a duniya da aka kafa. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, an gano tsire-tsire biyu nautattun wutar lantarki biyu (na ƙarshe, 406 mw an gano su a cikin watan Agusta 2019). Farm domin 49 Turbina da kashi 12% ya karu da sararin samaniya kuma yana iya samar da gidaje dubu 425. Yanzu ƙahoniya uku rev gonar suna da fasfo na 775 MW.
Tuni ne a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2019, an isar da wani muhimmin rikodin: Daga tsakar dare har tsakar dare, ruwan windmills ya ci gaba da bukatar irins da wutar lantarki.
Marker na Jamusawa
Daya daga cikin mahimman alamomi na "shimfidar shimfidar shimfidar ƙasa" Turai ita ce Jamus. Wata ƙasa da ta dogara da ita da yawa har zuwa ATom mai zaman lafiya, an yi niyya a 205%, kuma zuwa 1550th don zama tsaka tsaki dangane da watsi da waɗannan gas.
A shekara ta 2019, an dauki dokar yanayi a cikin kasar, wanda ya kafa raga shekara biyu ga sassan tattalin arzikin mutum na gaba. A cikin wannan doka, ma'anar wannan tsaka tsaki ma ya zama ya shiga. A karkashin shi yana nuna daidaiton sifili tsakanin abubuwan da gas na gas na gas da kuma cire irin waɗannan gas daga yanayin da kuka ɗauka.
Saboda cutar Coronavirus a cikin 2020, amfani da makamashi a Jamus ya kasance cikin ƙaramin tarihi. Irin wannan rukunin bincike na bincike ya ɓoye ƙungiyar ƙungiyar bincike agergiebilanzen. A lokaci guda, e2 evensions hade da makamashi a cikin Jamus sun fadi da tan miliyan 80. Don haka ƙasar zata shawo kan burin farko a cikin rage tashin hankali ta kashi 40% idan aka kwatanta da matakin 1990. A shekara ta 2019, tan miliyan 805 na gas gas da aka jefa a cikin yanayi.
Masana sun lura cewa wannan ya faru ne sakamakon raguwa a cikin amfanin da ke amfani da kwal da karuwa wajen samar da wutar lantarki dangane da hanyoyin sabuntawa. Bugu da kari, an maye gurbin wasu faɗar coan na halitta saboda rage farashin gas.
Amma wani babban burin ne-2020 ta hanyar pandemic. Har yanzu Jamus har yanzu suna fuskantar jinkirin ci gaban hanyoyin samar da makamashi, kuma koma bayan tattalin arziki ba zai haifar da canjin tsarin tattalin arziki wanda zai iya ci gaba da cigaba da tattalin arziƙi ba.
Biranen Turai
Rahoton da aka gabatar akan bangaren makamashi na Turai ya lura da waje: Portugal, Austria, Italiya, Czech Republic, Slovakia da Bulgaria. A cikin waɗannan ƙasashe, a cewar masana, kyawawan yanayi don haɓaka hasken rana da iska, amma wannan yuwuwar ba ta san tun 2015 ba.
Don fitar da lagging, Tarayyar Turai a cikin tsarin Canji na adalci a cikin shekaru shida masu zuwa. Kudi zai je ya tayar da canjin tattalin arziƙi a cikin yankin carbon. Kudaden dole ne su kawar da sakamakon tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki na wannan canji.
An daure samar da wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci a kusurwa (ban da Poland da Poland, wanda muka yi magana a cikin ɗayan kayan aikin nukiliya). A cikin Czech Jamhuriyya, tsara makircin daga mai ya fi sau hudu sama da "kore": 53% da 12%. A lokaci guda, kwata na duk tushen sabuntawa shine biogas, ciomass da hasken rana. Wani 18% - Hydoter, sauran ɓangaren iska ne.
Bayanai na 2018
Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa wannan shine manufar ƙasar don 2020. An cimma shi. A karshen shekaru goma na gaba, da rabo daga maɓallan sabuntawa a cikin shain samun makamashi amfani zai je kawo 22%. A cikin yanayin Czech, wannan yana nufin raguwa cikin ma'adin ma'adinai da kuma yiwuwar shinge na nukiliya biyu a tsire-tsire na nukiliya guda biyu. An tattauna hukuncin da ya gabata na shekaru da yawa, jihar da ta keta ta jihar da ta dace da ita har karshen shekarar 2022, da kuma sabon toshe kanta za a ba da izini kafin 2036.
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