A sabon aikin a tashar TV TNV, watau za a buga da cikakkun masana kimiyyar Tatar da masana ta kwararru a ranakun sati.
Dan takarar lissafi na zahiri da lissafi, in ji Farfesa Marat vazicovich Marat Vazicovich ya zama gwarzon dandana na musamman.
A cikin wata hira da wakili, TNV, Lotfullin yayi magana game da igiya da kuma gyaran mutane a farkon yaruka da yawa, har ma da ƙwararrun Tatar-Harshe.
"Akwai wani ilimi a cikin harshen Tatar, amma a Rashanci - ba sa bambanta cikin abun ciki"
- Kun tsaya a asalin ilimin ƙasa a cikin 90s. Wadanne ci gaba da nasarori kuke gani a yau?
- Ee, ina daga cikin mutanen da suka tsunduma cikin ilimin kasa. Sai babbar gungumomi na malamai sunyi aiki, wannan aikin hadin kai kuma mutum daya ba zai taba yin irin wannan aikin ba. Gaskiyar ita ce muna amfani da kalmar 'yan asalin ƙasa, ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙidaya, kuma mutane suna amfani da shi, amma yana da wata ma'ana dabam game da duniya da Rasha. Misali, a Rasha a cikin fassarar Tishkov, wannan yare ne da mutumin ya yi. A duniya ana ɗaukar tsohuwar yaren ne - yaren mutanensu.
- Kuna da bambanci?
- Babban bambanci! Mutumin da ba zai iya mallakar ɗan yaren ƙasa kuma wannan alama ce ta ƙwararru ba. Misali, a cewar ƙididdiga ta 2010, da Tatars 5 miliyan a cikinsu 1 miliyan ba sa magana da yaren. Wannan yana nufin cewa Tatar ta shekarar 2010 shine kiyayewa 25%. Ina tsammanin, saboda ƙarin ƙididdigar wannan shekara, wannan mai nuna zai karu. Saboda haka, yaren ƙasa shine yaren mutanenka. Ga Tatars, harshen asalin Rasha ba, koda ba su da Tatar.
- i.e. An haɗa ainihi da harshe?
- An haɗa sosai! A tsawon lokaci, ba ƙwarewar harshe ba har yanzu zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa mutum zai rasa al'adar mutanensa.
- Bayan da yawa zamanin?
- kimanin tsararraki 2. Ina so in zauna kan batun ilimin kasa, wanda ya nuna cewa akwai wasu nau'ikan ilimin tsaka tsaki. Amma, kowane ilimi shine ƙasa. Sabili da haka, kalmar ilimin ƙasa ta ƙasa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a ƙasarmu. Akwai ilimi a cikin harshen Tatar, amma a cikin Rashanci - ba su bambanta cikin abun cikin! Iri ɗaya na duniya da ilimi.
- Matsayin ilimin Ilimin Kasa da ƙwarewar harshe na ƙasa kuma manufofin harshe ne masu zaman kanta?
- Ee, ba shakka, kai tsaye! Domin ba a gaji yaren ba. Kowane mutum an haife shi ba tare da yare ba.
- Amma muna cewa akwai har yanzu akwai wasu dalilai na muhalli, dangi ko makaranta kawai?
- Makaranta - Mataimakin Maɗaukaki! Iyali kawai lokacin da mutum ya yi barci. Bayan haka, duk rayuwa tana faruwa a cikin kindergarten, a wurin aiki, a makaranta.
- Amma mutane da yawa sun ce za a adana harshen Tatar a cikin iyali ...
"Idan haka ne, to Kazan tatts ba zai goge 'ya'yansu ma." Bayan haka, sa'ad da suka isa ƙauyen Harshensu ya kasance Tatar yaren Tatar, sai thealibansu sun riga sun ce mata su kuma sun yi magana a Rasha.
"Tatars ta shiga Rasha da ƙasashensu, ba su faɗi daga duniyar wata ba."
- Ta yaya kuka sami ilimi a cikin yarenku (Tatar) a cikin 90s? Me muka samu yanzu?
- 90s shine shekarun Renaissance, murmurewa. Idan ka kalli labarin, to, daraktan sun mallaki tsarin ilimi sosai. Kafin shiga Rasha da kuma bayan shiga Rasha, an kiyaye wannan tsarin. Tabbas, wani wuri na shekaru 200 ya kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa, amma tun daga 1700 an riga an ba shi izini a hukumance su buɗe masallatai kuma duk masu satar sun sami ilimi.
A cikin shekarar 1870, wani shiri don samar da samuwar baƙi 'yan kasashen waje a Rasha, ana karba ta Tolstoy. Yana da daban, babban sashi don Tatars. Bayan nasarar juyin juya halin Musulunci, halittar a matakin ilimi a cikin harshen Tatar. Babban Juyin Juyin Halittar Yawwara a asalinsu ce. An sake saki wasu mutane, alal misali, Finns, Finns, Pandar ta raba wani yanki. Tatars a makomar tarihi ya kasance a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha, amma a gare su akwai duk yanayin ci gaban ilimi.
- Shin ya dade?
- har zuwa 1934. Kafin hakan, Tatars ba shi da ilimin jama'a, ya wanzu ne da kashe mutane. Ilimi ya kasance ne kawai a Rashanci da 'yanci, kuma hanyoyin da aka horar da su a kan kudaden nasu. Haka kuma, a cikin Madrasa, an haramta don nazarin ilimin lissafi, sunadarai, ilmin halitta. Madrasa "Izh-Bubi" ya fi shahara saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai fara koyar da abubuwa a cikin harshen Tatar kuma wannan ya kamata an sa su a kurkuku.
A shekara ta 1920, an kirkiro Jamhuriyar Tatarna, amma tuni a shekara ta ashirin, na farkon iyakar hukunce-hukuncen, wajibi ne, ilimi a yare. Akwai wani tarihin dukkan yara na makaranta, a kowane matakai, har zuwa jami'a. Na kalli tarihin tarihin a Moscow, an adana bayanan a can don kowace makaranta a duk yankuna na Rasha.
- Ta yaya duk ya faru?
- An buga malamai, Malaman da aka shirya a Omsk, Tomsk, UFA, Orburg. Ayyukan da aka yi aiki da su, ɗalibai na farko. A cikin gidan bugawa "fadakar da littattafai da aka buga" reshe littattafai, reshe ne kawai ya yi aiki a Kazan. Wadannan litattafan rubutu a cikin Rasha. A cikin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ita ce Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta kasa, wacce duk ke sarrafawa. Babu masu juyawa na lalacewa a Rasha, saboda Rasha ita ce wurin Tatars. Tatars da ke zaune a Amurka - Kasancewa. Tatars ta shiga Rasha da ƙasashensu, ba su faɗi daga duniyar wata!
A shekara ta 1934, an ba shi damar zaɓi na yaren ilmantarwa da muke alfahari. Amma wannan bawai ci gaba bane ga dukkanin kayan ilimin kimiyyar kimiyyar Kimensy, saboda duk manyan malamai Kamensky, disterweg, Ushinsky yace cewa ya kamata ilimi ya kamata ya kasance a cikin yarensu. DisterWeg ya ce: "Malamai suyi niyya ne kawai yaren koyarwa, dole ne su wakilan wakilan wannan mutane, masu al'adu."
Daga baya, makarantu tare da Tatar ya fara rufe, horar da malamai sun tsaya. Amma na musamman natiisk ya fara ne a shekarar 1937, tuni ya gabatar da wajibi na wajabta a cikin yaren Rasha, an soke su zuwa Cyrillic. A lokacin babban yakin kwamihun, duk jami'o'in da ke cikin wasu yankuna sun rufe tunanin rashin kuɗi da jaridu ma. Da kuma ta halitta, makarantu ba tare da an rufe horo ba.
A cikin Tatarstanstan, har tsawon shekaru 4 da ke kan Tatar, ba a shirya su ba.
- Shin kuna nufin wanene?
- ilimin lissafi, masana sunadarai, masana ilimin halitta.
- i.e. Waɗannan waɗanda ya kamata su koyar da yaren?
- Ee! Domin ana kiranta wannan gatari, kuma don yin samfurin - kuna buƙatar maigidan. A cikin Tatarstan akwai wani irin siyasa, mafi zurfin zurfin - Tatar yaren da aka ayyana jihar Tatarsta, kuma shirin gabatar da yaren Tatar zuwa rayuwa ya karbi. Yanzu muna da harshen Tatar a rayuwa. Amma a yare Tatar, zaku iya aiwatar da babban ilimi, samarwa. Tatar harshe an haɗa cikin adadin yarukan Turai tare da taimakon Finns. Misali, na gabatar a daya daga cikin taron a Moscow game da kwarewar makarantu tare da yaren Tatar na horarwa, na ce an koyar da duk batutuwa a Tatar. Daga zauren ya yi tambaya: "Yaya? Shin kuna koyar da ilimin lissafi a cikin harshen Tatar? Daga ina kuke ɗaukar maganganun? ", Kuma na ce a nan a ina ne Kai, sinus da cosine kalmomin Rasha ne marasa ganuwa? Tabbas ba! Na sami damar shawo kansu.
- Me yasa iyaye suke tsoron ba da 'ya'yansu zuwa makarantar motsa jiki ta ƙasa?
- Domin akwai farfagandar! Tatars ba su san masana kimiyya ba. Tatars suna da alaƙa da wa? Tare da masu rawa, mawaƙa, a cikin matsanancin halaye ta hanyar 'yan jarida da marubuta. Kuma muna da yawancin masana kimiyya sun shahara ba kawai a Tatarstan ba, har ma a duk faɗin duniya! Misali, Rashid Synayeev, yana da matukar damuwa cewa babu harshen Tatar a Jami'ar Kazan, da mafarkai na shi, magana game da shi a kowace Majalisa.
- Amma muna da Cibiyar Naar, fassarar ...
- Kun kuskure da kuskure, a cikin Tatar. A kan Mehom, Fizmate, babu biofaq, amma akwai kwararru a cikin wadannan yankuna!
- Wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa ƙarni na ƙarshe?
- ba! A cikin 90s, a banza bai zauna ba, mun fito da daliban da yawa waɗanda ke da yaren balar.
- Wataƙila yana da daraja gina jami'a na ƙasa?
- Jami'ar ta nuna cewa a ranar Polylingal, ciki har da Tatar. Rashin dukkan jami'in mu na Rasha - babu Ingilishi mai ƙarfi. Misali, na koyi Turanci a makarantar digiri na digiri, saboda masanin kimiyya ya kamata ya kasance a kan gaba na kimiyya ya kamata ya mallaki Turanci. Kimiyya ta Kimiyya! Muna zaune a Rasha kuma mu san Rashanci, har ma don sanin yaren, amma ba ya ji rauni, amma zai wadatar kowane mutum. Yanzu a cikin duniya, yanayin ƙasashe da kamfanoni suna ƙarfafa mallakar ko da mutane masu ƙarfi. Wannan al'umma ba ta tsawaita ba, tasoshin da kuma fadada ilimi.
- Ilimin Polylingal shine aikin duniya?
- Ee! Kuma yaren ƙasa shine babban cancantar ilimi. Wadancan. Mutumin da baya magana da yarensa na asali ba wanda ya kwantar da shi.
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Rimma Bikmukmetova: "Maimakon samar da littattafan tatar da littattafai mai, yana da kyau a cire fim mai ban tsoro" - bidiyo
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