Har yaushe mutum mutum yake sha'awar rayuwa mai yiwuwa a duniyar Mars? Daga ƙarshen karni na XIX, lokacin da masanin ilmin taurari da farko ya ga layi madaidaiciya suna kama da tashoshi a duniyar jaddama. A cikin asalin wadannan tashoshin da ke cikin duniyar kimiyya ba kowa bane. Yawancin wakilan kimiyya, waɗanda ke da ilimin taurari Parovel musamman sun bambanta, sun yi imani da cewa an yanke shi ta hanyar abubuwan ban mamaki da dalilai waɗanda masu amfani da aka gina su. Lowell ya inganta tunaninsa kuma ya kamu da yawan mutane.
Tunanin cewa kyawawan halayen da suka dace na iya rayuwa akan duniyar Mars, ta kama adadin masara a duk duniya. Ta-samfurin irin wannan hasashe sun:
- Fantatanci labarai, domin yanzu marubutan suna da sabon shiri;
- Yunkurin shiga cikin tattaunawar da mata. Don Tuntushi, mutane sun kirkiro gaba ɗaya tsarin, alal misali, ƙararrawa mai haske daga madubai na Siberic (mutane sun yi imanin cewa filayen Siberiya zasu lura da kyau;
- Akwai kara sosai da karin gani. Yanzu da dabaru a farfajiya na jan Planet "ba kawai" '' Tsabtace tsabtace gidaje ba har ma da dukan biranen Martanian har ma da dukan biranen Marta.
Sai kawai a cikin karni na 20, lokacin da masana kimiyya suka fara aika appafites zuwa duniyar Red Planet, 'Yan kwararrun ƙarshe sun fahimci cewa "ƙwararrun magana - mafarki ne kawai. Amma har yanzu tana bude wani, babbar tambaya: Shin akwai wani rai a duniyar jaddama, ko kuma akwai kwata-kwata?
A cikin karni na XXI Mars - Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nazarin duniyar duniyar rana (ƙasa a lissafin ta ɗauka). Masana kimiyya sun aika da ƙarin Robots a gare shi fiye da kowane jikin. Red Planet har yanzu shine babban burin da ake nema. Me yasa hakan? Da farko, domin wannan shine duniya mafi kusa da mu, wanda a cikin abin da ya gabata ya mallaki yanayin duniya. Abu na biyu, ya fi sauƙi a karanta shi daga yanayin fasaha fiye da, faɗi wannan venus inda yake da zafi sosai.
Menene duniyar Mars?
Duniyar Mars ita ce duniyar da ba ta haihuwa ba ce. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a can -63 ° C, kodayake a lokacin bazara a ranar da ya iya isa + 30 ° C. A yanayin da jan duniya ya zama mai lakoniya, da yawa ne kawai 0.7% -2% na yawan duniya, da 95.3% ya ƙunshi carbon dioxide. Martani yanayi ba shi da ikon riƙe zafi na dogon lokaci. Bugu da kari, duniyar ta rauni, filin da ba a iya amfani da magnetic, don haka ƙasa da duniyar Mars kusan ba shi da tsaro kafin hasken rana.
Saboda matsanancin matsin lamba mara nauyi, yana 1/170 daga ƙasa, da ƙarancin yanayin zafi a saman duniyar ba zai iya zama cikin ruwa mai ruwa ba. Lokacin da aka kunna Icean SPRIAN ICE yake a farfajiya, saboda ƙarancin matsin lamba, nan da nan ya shafe shi, ya shiga cikin jihohi, kusa da jihar sa ruwa.
A takaice dai, nau'in furotin da ake buƙata cewa ana buƙatar ruwa mai ruwa ruwa mai ruwa wanda ake buƙata a cikin Martian m.
Menene duniyar Mars?
Mars ba koyaushe irin wannan "ba ne mara tausayi". Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa a cikin nesa na baya, Ja da jan duniya na mallaki da melted cibiya, wanda, yana juyawa, ya kirkiri filin magnetic. Wannan filin kariya daga radiation, godiya gare shi, yanayin duniyar ya fi yawa da dumi, an yi ruwan sama a farfajiya da koguna an yi ruwan sama a farfajiya.Abubuwan da ke haifar da kwararrun ruwa na kwarara masu amfani da kwararru na samo akan duniyar Mars koyaushe. Orbital Probes da Rover sun ɗauki hoto a cikin gadaje kogin kogi, canyons tare da dubunnan layin duhu, kwari tare da yams da kurakurai a cikin dutse.
Shin akwai wata rayuwa akan Mars - tambayar da masana kimiyya suka samo amsar?Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa Mars sun rasa "kyakkyawa na Aljanna" kusan shekaru biliyan 3 da suka gabata. Sannan wani taron ya faru ne a duniyar Red Planet, saboda wacce filin magnetic ya lalace, mafi yawan sararin samaniya da aka dauka, wanda muke gani a yau .
Yana nan a gaban Mars yana zaune?
Wurin sinadarai akan ƙafafun "- son sani - lokacin aikina akan duniyar Mars, na ɗauki mahimmancin binciken. Misali, Rover ya gano cewa yumbu adibas a kan gangara na dutse, wanda aka samo mahaɗan. Gwajin gwajin ya nuna cewa wurin da Robot ya bincika an cika shi da yawan ruwa, kuma wataƙila halittu kwayoyin sun bama a can. Koyaya, don faɗi tabbacin, ko rayuwa tana nan, masana kimiyya zasu karɓi hujjoji na kai tsaye.
Wataƙila batun wannan al'amari zai sanya sabon kasar Mahod Nasa juriya, ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, ya isa duniyar ja. Robot tak a fannin cror Ezero - wanda aka bushe Martanias - ya bushe Martinias - wanda, a matsayin masana kimiyya suna tunanin, ana iya ci gaba da ci gaba da burbushin microscopic.
Mataki na a kan batun: Kamar yadda sabon Rover Rover zai nemi rayuwa a duniyar jan
Ko wataƙila rayuwa a can kuma yanzu tana girma?
Idan a duniyar Mars kuma akwai rayuwa mai ƙwayar cuta, to, wataƙila, yana da ɓoye a ƙarƙashin wuraren wasan kankara ko dai a shekara ta 2018 ya sami babban binciken sararin samaniya na Turai (ESA) Mars Express. Microorganisms an tafi nan don tserewa daga yanayin halaka a saman duniyar.Kyamarar kyamarar, ba shakka, ba za ta iya ɗaukar hotunan ƙwayoyin cuta da su kamar kwayoyin tare da OrBits. Sabili da haka, masana kimiyya suna neman rayuwar ƙiyayya a kan "tabbataccen shaida", tare da taimakon Biosging curtures - burbushi na sunadarai ko na jiki tsarin ayyukan jiki.
Daya daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin halittu sethane ne. Masu kwararru an san hanyoyi biyu don samar da wannan gas: nazarin halittu da ilimin halitta. A cikin ƙasa, tushen tushen wannan gas shine mafi yawan Archaegs a cikin hanzari a cikin hanjin mutum, a cikin ciki na shanu, a kan wringlation. Hakanan ya bayyana hanyar kasa: A karkashin yanayin yanayin zafi da matsin lamba, alal misali, yayin fashewar volcanis.
A shekara ta 2019, son sani ya gano babban taro na kwayoyin methane a cikin iska Mariya. Ko ta yaya, kayan kwalliyar ta Turai-Rasha na Rasha sun gano gas Express, wanda aka auna kusan a lokaci guda kamar yadda Rovere, bai sami burge wannan sinadaran ba. A kowane hali, idan methane yana da gaske a duniyar Mars, wataƙila yana samar da wani abu da rai, saboda saboda haka masana ba za su bayyana ba, sabili da haka wannan gas zai iya bayyana a cikin hanyar kusa tafiyar matakai na halitta.
Shin mutane za su iya kawo rayuwa ga duniyar Mars?
Tabbata. Misali, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya zuwa duniyar ja tare da mazshiked. Kafin Mars, sararin samaniya yana samun watanni da yawa, akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa cikin rayuwa cikin irin wannan tafiya. Binciken kwanan nan ya nuna cewa algae mai launin shuɗi-kore, ko cyanobacteria mai iya tsira a cikin yanayin Mariya.
'Yan mulkin mallaka za su zama babbar barazana ga "kamuwa da cuta". Idan akwai wani m haifuwa kafin jigilar kaya, to, tare da jikin mutum, wanda aka kuranta da ƙwayoyin cuta, juya yana da wahala. A gaban mulkin mallaka na duniyar, dole ne ka zo da wasu hanyoyin "discin" mutane.
Duk da haka, rover ko mutum zai kawo microorganisms na ƙasa tare da shi zuwa ga jan duniya, akwai baƙi cewa microbic baƙi za su iya shiga cikin Maryamu ta Microbic da lalata shi.
Ko wataƙila rayuwa ga duniya ta zo daga Mars?
Masana ilimin kimiyya ba su san yadda rayuwa ta samo asali a duniya ba. Hypotis na panspermia ya nuna cewa yana iya bayyana a wasu ɓangare na duniya, sannan kuma aka kawo sunayen meterites, meterites, Aserides an kawo wa duniyarmu.
Idan rayuwa ta samo asali ne akan duniyar Mars, za ta iya zuwa ƙasa tare da taimakon ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ta inganta a cikin Mariya. Wannan irin na iya tashi daga farfajiya na duniyar Mars sakamakon faɗuwar wasu manyan jiki, bayan da wani abin da ke cikin babban abu zai jawo hankalin wannan kayan a duniya , kuma a kan lokaci zai faɗi a farfajiya. Menene yiwuwar irin wannan taron? Yi hukunci da kanka.
A shekarar 1996, masana kimiyya wadanda suka yi na Marh 84001, wanda ya fadi ƙasa, ya gano petrofied na Microscopic a ciki, sun yi kama da ƙwayoyin cuta a duniya. Koyaya, don yarda cewa akwai "baƙi daga duniyar Mars" a Meteorite, masu binciken ba za su iya ba. An rarrabu. Wasu masana sun lissafa cewa rayayyun halittu sun fadi a kan wani "sararin samaniya" bayan faduwarsa a duniyar duniyar, ba zai yuwu ba, wasu - akasin haka, sun ce Alh 84001 dole ne a ɗauka a matsayin shaidar rayuwar duniya. Af, farkon sun kasance, kadan daga baya, saboda cewa jama'arsu na kimiyya da kasa da kasa.
Koyaya, gano masana kimiyya zasu iya amfana daga ilimin kimiyya: Ana nufin sha'awar jama'a ne a duniyar Mars kuma tana jan hankalin saka hannun jari a cikin Jin Jerin Bincike na Red Planet, wadanda suka yi nasara kuma suna kawo sakamako.
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