2020 zai tuna da duniya kawai kamar yadda shekara ce ta karye duk bayanan zazzabi, amma kuma a matsayin lokacin tarihin mutane, wanda wanzuwar mutane biyu a cikin lokaci guda. Gabaɗaya, magana da Magana na barbashi, ya kamata a lura cewa har zuwa kwanan nan akwai rukuni biyu kawai ko masarautu da fermions da fermiging. Shari'a ga rarraba firameri cikin sansanonin biyu shine darajar baya, lambar Quanttum, wanda ke halayyar lokacin da barbashi bugun jini. A takaice dai, idan juya juye daban daban barbashi ne ƙaddara ta hanyar da lamba - a gabanka Boson, kuma idan rabin-rerger ne fermion. A wannan shekara, masu binciken sun gano alamun farko na kasancewar masarautar mutane - kayan kwalliya, halayensu ba kamar halayen ba ko fermions. Muna gaya wa wane enionas yake kuma me yasa gano su ne mai mahimmanci ga kimiyyar lissafi.
Menene "Einiona"?
Kowane barbashi na ƙarshe a cikin sararin samaniya daga cikin sararin samaniya daga cikin haskoki ya zama maimaitawa - ko dai fatmion ko boson. Waɗannan rukunan sun rarraba ginin sararin samaniya zuwa mulkoki daban-daban guda biyu. A cikin 2020 da suka gabata, masu bincike sun gano alamun farko na kasancewar masarautar mutane - Einionas. Abin sha'awa, gashin gashi ba sa hali kamar Fermig, ko kuma kamar yara; Madadin haka, halayensu wani wuri ne a tsakiya.
A cikin labarin, wanda aka buga a lokacin bazara na 2020, a cikin Jaridar Kimiyya ta farko da aka gano hujjojin gwaji na farko cewa wadannan barbashi basu dace da kowane sanannun masana Mulki ba. "Mun kasance muna da bosons da Fermions, kuma yanzu muna da wannan masarauta na uku na nasara a cikin ilimin fasahar da aka yiwa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Magazine.
Tunda dokokin makanikai na Quanintm, kwatanta halayen ɓangarorin farko, sun sha bamban da sanannun dokokin gargajiya na kimiyyar lissafi, sun fahimci su da wahala. Don yin wannan, masu bincike suna ba da tunanin ... ma'aunin kaya. Duk saboda lokacin da aka saka kayan abinci, ɗayansu shine "a rufe" a kusa da ɗayan, canza jihohin Quantuth.
Hatta manyan labarai masu ban sha'awa kan dokokin mitaku da kuma sabon binciken a fagen kimiyyar lissafi, karanta akan tasharmu a cikin yandex.dzen. Akwai labaran da aka buga a kai a kai waɗanda ba su da shafin.
Don haka ka zaci barbashi biyu masu ban mamaki kama da wutan lantarki. Auki ɗaya, sannan kuma kunsa shi kusa da wani don ya koma inda na fara hanyata. A farkon kallo yana iya zama kamar babu abin da ya canza. Kuma hakika, kan yaren lissafi na injin quanth. Ayyukan da suka dace da jihohi sun bayyana jihohi na farko da na ƙarshe dole ne ya zama daidai da ko kuma suna da karkacewa ko kuma suna da karkata zuwa kashi ɗaya. (A cikin injiniyoyin Quangum, kuna ƙididdige alama da kuka lura, cin abinci a cikin square, don haka wannan kyakkyawan tsari - an wanke wannan madaidaicin - 1 an wanke shi).
Idan ayyukan motsi na barbashi iri daya ne, to, kafin ku da bosons. Kuma idan sun ƙi da 1 madaidaici, to kuna kallon Fermions. Kuma ko da yake ƙarshe da aka samu a cikin wani sabon binciken na iya zama kamar nazarin ilmin lissafi ne, yana da mummunan sakamako ga kimiyyar lissafi.
Masarauta uku na barbashi na farko
Masu bincike kuma suna lura cewa Fermigons ne antisocial membobin duniyar duniyar barbashi, tunda basu taba mamaye jihar Quantum iri ɗaya ba. Saboda wannan, Wordrons wanda ke cikin Fermion ya fada cikin tarin atomic daban-daban a kusa da zarra kanta. Daga cikin wannan sabon abu mai sauƙi akwai mafi yawan sararin samaniya a cikin zarra - tsarin mai ban mamaki da kuma duk sunadarai.
Karanta kuma: Masana kimiyya sun kusanci fahimtar abin da ya sa akwai sararin samaniya
Bosons, a gefe guda, barbashi garken da suke da ikon farin ciki ga haɗuwa da rarrabe jihar Quantum iri ɗaya. Don haka, phothonan photos na a cikin aji na boss na iya wucewa da juna, yana ba da hasken haskoki don motsawa da yardar kaina, kuma kada a dissipate.
Amma menene zai faru idan kuna da raunin da aka kewaye wani? Za ta dawo zuwa asalin jihar Quantum? Don fahimtar wannan ko a'a, yana da mahimmanci ga zurfafa a ɗan gajeren hanya na torology - jarrabawar lissafi. An yi imani da cewa siffofin biyu suna da alaƙa daidai idan ana iya canza shi zuwa wani ba tare da wasu ƙarin ayyuka ba (gluing ko rabuwa). Donut da Mug, kamar yadda tsohuwar magana ta ce, daidai ne daidai gwargwado, saboda mutum zai iya zama daidai da ci gaba da kasancewa zuwa wani.
Yi la'akari da madauki da muka yi idan mutum ɗaya ya juya a kusa da ɗayan. A cikin girma uku, ana iya yin wannan madauki zuwa batun. A bayyane, ya yi kama da idan bai motsa ba kwata-kwata. Koyaya, a cikin girma biyu na madauki ba zai iya raguwa ba, ya makale a kan wani barbashi. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba zai fitar da madauki a cikin aikin ba. Saboda wannan ƙuntatawa - gano kawai a cikin girma biyu - madauki ɗaya na barbashi a kusa da ɗayan ba daidai yake da mazaunin barbashi a wuri guda ba. Ee, shugaban ya zagawa. Abin da ya sa ke da dalilin da ya sa ilimin lissafi yana buƙatar aji na uku na barbashi - eniona. Abubuwan da aka yi ba su iyakance ga yanke shawara biyu da suka ayyana fatalwa da kuma bosons da waɗannan barbashi ba wani.
A farkon 1980s, kimiyyar lissafi a karon farko yayi amfani da wadannan sharuddan lura da "fractional extionpons an tattara tare don ƙirƙirar abubuwan da ake kira da yawa waɗanda ke da bugun ruwa na lantarki guda. A cikin 1984, a cikin babban aiki guda biyu-page, Frank Alvukk, Daniel Alovaya da John Robert Sriffeera ya nuna cewa waɗannan alamun na iya zama ko ta yaya. Amma masana kimiyya ba sa lura da irin wannan halin Quassiparticles, sabili da haka ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa naku bane ba daidai bane kowane fermiging ko kuma boss.
Yana da ban sha'awa: Me yasa ilimin kimiyyar Quanintum ya yi sihiri ne?
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa sabon binciken ne juyin juya hali ne - kimiyyar lissafi a karshe ya sami nasarar tabbatar da cewa enionas suna nuna cewa aljanu suna nuna cewa Einionas suna nuna cewa Einionas suna nuna cewa Einionas suna nuna cewa Giciye tsakanin halayen Bosons da Fermigons. Abin sha'awa, a cikin 2016, kimiyyar lissafi da aka bayyana wani saitin gwaji, kama da kankanin damina a cikin girma biyu. FEB da abokan aikin sa sun gina wani abu mai kama da gwargwadon matakan da aka yi a karo.
Sun yi nasarar nuna cewa halayen kafofin da ke daidai daidai da tsinkayar tsinkaye. Gabaɗaya, marubutan nazarin suna fata cewa rikice-rikicen kimiyya zasu iya yin muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kwamfutocin quantum. Moreara koyo game da menene komputa na Quantum da yadda yake aiki, karanta a cikin kayan mizina Ramis Ganiev.