An ambaci Jamusawa na Rasha a cikin tushen karni na IX, duk da haka, babban sake zama na mutanen Jamusawa a jihar Moscow ya faru ne da yawa daga baya. A lokaci guda, Jamusawa da kansu sun zo wata ƙasa nesa daga nufin kansu.
A cikin tarihi, akwai wasu raƙuman ruwa "da yawa suna da yawa, amma mafi yawan cin zarafin Novgorod na Novgorod na Novgorod na Novgorood da kuma ƙungiyar kasuwanci mai nasara, wanda shine dalilin bayyanar 'yan kasuwa na Jamusawa da ke kaiwa zuwa Novgorod.
A cikin 'yan ƙarni, an riga an sami Sloboda na Jamusawa a Moscow, wanda ke nuna yawan baƙi. Haka kuma, Jamusan Rasha ta zama kabilu daban-daban tare da halayensu na al'ada da yare. Me ya fara bayyanar da su a Rasha? Ta yaya ƙaddara ta wannan mutanen a ƙasar wani da ya zama ƙasar ta biyu?
Fitowar Jamusawa Rasha
Kamar yadda aka ambata, a karon farko game da Jamusawa a Rus, sun yi magana a cikin karni na 9. Yawancinsu suna zaune a Nuwovgorod, ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin tattalin arziƙin ƙasar. Wakilan jama'ar Jamusawa sun zauna a waɗannan wuraren don shiga cikin kasuwanci da kayan sana'a, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga kusancin hanyar kasuwancin da ke jagoranta daga Turai zuwa Rasha.
A wancan lokacin, an ambace shi game da Novgorod "Jamus yadi" - yankin da aka kerarre da aka kera kayayyaki kuma an adana kayayyaki iri-iri kuma an adana su a ƙarshen karni na XII. Jihar Rasha ta motsa wani bangare na baƙi daga Jamus a zamanin mulkin Ivan III da Vasily III. Amma mafi yawan lokuta sun zama "kalaman" na karni na XVI, lokacin da Tafiya Ivan Grozny ya tashi zuwa kursiyin.
Tare da shi, da aka fara aiwatar da rundunar makiyaya sun fara bayyana, wanda mutane suka kira "Jamusanci." Mene ne abin lura ne, sunudara ba Jamusawa kawai ba, har ma da wakilan sauran mutanen Turai, amma mutane sun ga duk 'yan kasashen Turai da fadada dukkan kasashen waje a cikin "Jamusawa".
Mai sana'a, Sojoji, Lekari
Sojojin Iniragen a cikin sojojinsa, Sarki yayi la'akari da babban karfin rawar jiki, suna kashe adadin da suka dace. Yayinda masanin tarihi Tatyana Chernikov Nades, yawancin sojojin da suka fara gina Furotesta.A cikin 1575, an gina cocin Lutheran na farko a cikin Moscow, wanda daga baya ya ambata a matsayin cocin St. Michael. A karkashin Ivan da Grozny ya fara bayyana slobods na Jamusanci a birane daban-daban. Mafi girma daga cikinsu ya zama Sloboda a babban birnin, wanda ya wakilci wani yanki dabam ga Diaspora na Jamusanci.
Shugabannin Rasha sun sami damar godiya da mutuncin da Jamusawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance a matsayin kotun. A wancan zamani, akwai alamu da yawa a Rasha, amma kwararru ba wuya. Nikolaus tawayen da Teofil Markvart ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun likitocin Rasha a tsakanin Jamusawa na Rasha a asibiti "Felleance Verko, Zevevia Verko, Zevevia Verko
Sabuwar juyawa da kuma fitarwa
A lokacin mulkin Catherine II, ana sake zabensa na Jamusanci a duniya na yankin Volga da yankin Steppe. Sama da rabin karni, wakilan wannan mutanen sun kiyaye fasalin al'ada da yare, wanda ya kasance "gwangwani" idan aka kwatanta da kwatancensa daga Jamus, wanda kullun ya zama maimaitawa koyaushe.
Godiya ga bayyanannun 1762-1763. Akwai mafi yawan kwaruwar mutane daga Jamus zuwa Rasha. Catherine mai girma cewa kanta cewar Jamusanci ne, wanda 'yan ƙasar za su taimaka wajan bunkasa sararin samaniya da sauri.
Ba sauki ga Jamusawa Rasha ta zama karni na ƙarshe. Saboda farkon yaƙin duniya na, gwamnatin Rasha ta yanke shawarar ba ta raba ƙasa a cikin baƙi daga Jamus da Austria-Hungary. Akwai wani korar da aka tilasta wa Jamusawa daga yankuna inda aka sanar da dokar Martial, makarantun Jamusawa da jaridu an rufe su. Irin wannan manufar ta haifar da dalilai da pogroms, wanda Jamusawa suka riƙe su a Moscow.
Dangane da rahotannin tarihi, yawan pogromes zai iya kaiwa mutane dubu 120. An shirya hukumomin don tashin hankali game da Jamusawa daga yankin Volga zuwa Siberiya, amma ba a aiwatar da shi ba. Dangane da hukuncin Maris 1917, duk "ruwa" da aka dakatar.
Lokacin Soviet da kwanakinmu
Matsaloli a rayuwar Jamusawa Rasha ta fara ne yayin yakin duniya na biyu. A cikin USSR, Jamusancin Baltic an ba su ikon barin a Reich. A shekara ta 1941, shugaban kasa na Jamusawa da ke zaune a yankuna na Volga ", wanda shine sakamakon shigarwar Jamusawa mai ikon Jamusawa. Bayan karshen yakin, ba a kiyaye yawan jama'ar Jamus ba don komawa zuwa ƙasashen hagu, saboda wanda hoton da aka tsara shi har ƙarshen lokacin Soviet.
Kamar yadda ƙididdiga ta nuna a yau, kusan Jamusawa dubu 500 ke zama a Rasha, amma mutane miliyan ɗaya da rabi sune zuriyar Jamusawa Rasha. A zamanin yau, akwai kungiyoyi da yawa daban-daban da ke nufin adana al'adun wannan kabilu, wanda yake da matukar muhimmanci daga russia da "tsaftace" Jamusawa. Sun zama muhimmin bangare na tarihin sabon ƙasarsu.
A cikin tunawa da wadanda suka yi aiki a kan imani da kuma gaskiya, sun mutu a fagen fama ko kuma sun mutu a cikin wani abin tunawa da "Jamusawa 'yan kasar Rasha. A nan gaba, sauran biranen Rashanci da wasu ke tallafawa wannan hujja kawai magana game da mahimmancin Rasha.
Jamusasar Rasha ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mutanen Rasha, har ma ta mutane, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ƙasar. Godiya garesu a Moscow, an buɗe makarantun injiniya da makarantu masu fasaha.
Barci na Jamus, Adamu Taimako, Adamu Mazahuide, ya aza tushe na Tsarin Shari'ar Rasha. Shahararren marubucin Jamusanci Fonvizin ya sanya Mahaliccin sabon nau'in a cikin littattafan Rasha - gida mai ban dariya. Da kuma compatriot, ilmin lissafi na Soviet Otto Schmidt, ya fara bugawa a tsarin ilimi. Su duka sun kasance ga mutanen Jamusawa, duk da haka, sun yi aiki don amfanin sabon gida - Rasha.