Gwamna na yankin V. Kondratyev ya bukaci masu samar da aikin gona don kammala shuka da 1 Mayu. Kuma daga kasafin yanki don tallafin aikin gona da aka yankuna miliyan 271. A cikin babban mazaunin Rasha, sun fahimta: marigayi zaune ba yanayi mai sauki ba. A matsakaita, karkacewa daga mafi kyau duka lokutan sev na kwanaki da yawa yana haifar da cutar sankara 0.5-1.0 na ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan bayan bayan Seva za a yanke shi a cikin bazara, yawan girbi har yanzu yana girma. Lokacin da ƙasa da sauri ta bushe, kuma yawan zafin jiki kuma zai yi girma cikin sauri, haɓakar tsarin tsarin ya lalace, aiwatar da tarin yawa yana saurin jira.
Amma, a gefe guda, wurin zama na sabon abu ne, kodayake ba sau da yawa, amma ya saba wa masu kera jiragen ruwa na Rasha. Misali, a cikin 2006, bazara ya makara, kuma duk lokacin shuka an nuna shi tsawon makonni daya ko biyu. Lokacin bazara zaune a cikin 2015 ya makara a kusan dukkanin yankuna na Rasha. Daga baya kuma yawancin agraians na Kudancin sun fara bazara seva a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Maris. A cikin tsakiyar Black ƙasar, a wasu yankuna na zaune, yana yiwuwa a fara ne kawai a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu saboda wani lokacin ruwan sama, wani lokacin ma tare da dusar ƙanƙara, wani lokacin ma tare da dusar ƙanƙara, wani lokacin ma tare da dusar ƙanƙara, wani lokacin ma tare da dusar ƙanƙara. A lekewa a farkon rabin watan Afrilu ya haifar da lagging of Sveo sharri da kuma wasu yankuna na yankin Volga. Gabaɗaya, marigayi zaune ba wani sabon abu bane kuma ba tsammani. Masu samar da aikin gona na Rasha, masana kimiyya da masu ba da shawara sun tara ƙwarewa sosai, suna barin girma mai kyau koda idan spring seva ya jinkirta.
Gudanarwa da tsaba
Pre-shuka sarrafa ƙasa, har ma da yanayin matsin lamba na lokaci, yakamata ya ba da gudummawa ga matsakaicin adana danshi da halakar da ciyawa. Kwarewar manoma na Turai na iya zama da amfani a nan, wanda sau da yawa ke gudanar da aiki pre-shuka sarrafa ƙasa a cikin hanyar. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, an yi amfani da milling a cikin shirye-shiryen ƙasa ga shuka amfanin gona na bazara, duk da cewa bai karɓi da baza'a. A halin da ake ciki, gwaje-gwajen Cibiyar Bincike mai suna bayan V. R. Williams ya nuna cewa godiya mai kyau da miliyoyin ruwa da yawa. Milling moreari a ko'ina cikin rarraba danshi a cikin zurfin 20 cm kuma yana ƙara haɓaka ƙasa.Wata shawara ta yi kama da tsararraki, amma ya cancanci tunatarwa: lokacin da ya makara tare da sharuɗɗan Seva za su tsara aiki a kan agogo. Matsayin shuka alkama na bazara tare da mawuyacin hali na aikin bazara dole ne ya karu, ko kuma a mafi karancin, shuka a iyakar da aka ba da shawarar. Kuma, ba shakka, a cikin irin wannan yanayin, yana da kyau zaɓi ƙara da wuri don zaɓan ƙarin maki.
Al'adu
A bayyane yake cewa yawancin albarkatun gona suna nufin kuma marigayi lokutan tsabtatawa. Saboda haka, a cikin bazara, ya zama dole a lissafa damar fasahar ku akan tsaftacewa, yin la'akari da masu yiwuwa su ga yanayin rashin sani mara kyau. A cikin yanayin tsakiyar yankuna na Rasha, uraye da Siberiya kada su yi haɗari tare da shuka a watan Yuni. Zai fi kyau a sauke filayen sha'ir ko hatsi. Ko da tare da isasshen danshi recerves a cikin ƙasa shuka a ƙarshen Mayu ba ya tabbatar da kansa. Amma sha'ir da hatsi a kan forage za a shuka har sai farkon watan Yuni. Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da Peas, gero, buckwheat. Koyaya, a farkon rabin Yuni, da bazara shuka ta hatsi, dole ne a kammala amfanin gona mai lalacewa, in ba haka ba ne kawai ya sami isasshen lokacin da al'adun gargajiya.
Idan ta faru cewa ba za a shuka ɓangare ba a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci, dole ne ya yanke shawara ko za su rabu da albarkatu ko amfanin gona na shekara-shekara.
Ƙarƙashin
Alkalin bazara yana neman takin ƙasa fiye da sauran hatsi. A 1 c, hatsi alkama na alkama yana kan matsakaita, nitrogen ana buƙatar nitrogen 3.2-3.6 kg; Phosphorus 1.1 - 1.4 kg da potassium 2.2 - 2.6 kilogiram. A cikin yanayi lokacin da ake buƙata don rage girma lokacin girma da kuma hanzarta ci gaban al'ada, phosphorus yana da mahimmanci. A cikin lokaci daga ƙwayoyin kafin farkon bututu, an bunkasa tushen tsarin alkama da kuma shuka ba zai iya amfani da phosphorus na ƙasa ba. Abin da ya sa phosphorus yana ba da gudummawa a farkon matakan girma.A cikin lokacin daga tsayi, alkama alkama yayi magana sosai akan nitrogen. Ingantaccen nitrogen a wannan lokacin yana taimaka wa samuwar Pressing Tushen, Spikelets da furanni, kuma suna kuma shimfiɗa yawan kwalliya. Rashin nitrogen ana gyarawa da taimakon marasa goro a cikin lokaci mai zubo. Zai taimaka wajen kara matakin Gluten a cikin hatsi. Koyaya, da bukatar irin waɗannan feeders ana aiwatar da yin la'akari sakamakon nama da ganyen ganye. Yana da daraja kwatanta farashin aiki da kuma dawowar da aka shirya. Don haka, saboda karuwa cikin Gluten, alkama an fassara shi zuwa wani aji, da bambanci a cikin farashin siyarwa zai zama mahimmanci, farashin don ciyarwa zai biya.
A cikin matakai daga tubalin zuwa zubar da hatsi, da bazara alkama sosai da amfani da potassium da kadan kadan phosphorus. Wannan yana kara cikakkiyar nauyin hatsi, kuma yana iya hanzarta gabatar da carbohydrates daga ganye da kuma stalks a hatsi, kuma kuma yana ƙara haɓakar tsirrai zuwa cututtuka. Bugu da kari, Miclyberters dauke da m, molybdenum, manganese, zinc da wasu an gabatar da su don ci gaban al'ada da ci gaban tsirrai.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Marigayi shuka alkama na bazara ya fi lalacewa ta hanyar kwari. Fitowar cikakken seedlings na al'adu ya zo daidai da tarihin bazara. Kyakkyawan lalacewa na iya kasancewa a kan amfanin gona.
A cikin yankin da ba na baki ba kuma a arewacin ƙasashen tsakiyar-baƙar fata, daga baya iri na bazara yana ƙara haɗarin Fusariasis da tsatsa. Nazarin da aka gudanar a yankin Altai ya ba da labarin wannan sakamakon. Ana neman sha'ir na bazara a lokacin ripeness na ƙasa, lokacin da zazzabi ta zazzabi a zurfin 0-5 cm bai ƙasa da digiri 5 Celsius ba. Zurfa ya faru daga Afrilu 30 zuwa 15. Harbe tare da amfanin gona da wuri sun bayyana 3-4 bayan haka bayan haka, amma ba su kamuwa da cututtukan tushen rot. Tsinkaya zuwa ga wakilan abubuwan da ke cikin cututtukan gurnetios-geley kamar yadda suke a cikin tushen sha'ir ya ƙaru daga tushen sha'ir, kuma an ba shi canzawa.
A cikin Jamhuriyar makwabciyar Belarus, nazarin ci gaban kunkuntar mutum a cikin lupine iri na 1.8-40% na tsirrai. Don haka, girbi da farkon amfanin gona ya kusan sau 2 sama da lokacin da latti.
Amma akwai labari mai kyau. Tsarin al'adun da ke ƙauna (gero, masara) sun lalace ta phytoophges kuma sun kamu da phytopathogens sau da yawa seeraker a gaba da wuri na Yuni. Tare da isasshen zafi na kasar gona da kuma yanayin zafi da yawa, tsaba da seedlings suna haɓaka sauri, rage tsawon lokacin da ba a sani ba dangane da wayoyi, femalunders da m tsaba.
Bincike da tara kwarewar da aka tabbatar da tabbatar: har ma a cikin yanayin marigayi Sawa, zaka iya samun amfanin gona mai kyau. Tabbas, zai zama dole don la'akari da sifofin halittar albarkatu da kayan aikin namo, da kuma Bioecology na kwari. Kuma suna da damar fasaha da fasaha don ciyar da duk abubuwan da suka wajaba a kan wani lokaci.
Maria iska
A cikin shirye-shiryen da labarin, an yi amfani da hidimar aikin gona na Krasnodar, da Vick FTTZ. V.r. Williams, Tatniusch Fitz Fitz Kayai Ras, FGBNA Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Centych - reshe na fgbnu urbnu urbnu ras