A sabon aikin a tashar TV TNV, watau za a buga da cikakkun masana kimiyyar Tatar da masana ta kwararru a ranakun sati.
Dan takarar kimiyyar Philogical ya zama gwarzo na talatin da biyu na wani mutum na musamman, an kunna mataimakin darektan aikin kimiyya. G. Ibrahimova Academy of Sciences Hisamiov Oleleg Ricatovich.
A cikin wata hira, wakilin TNV Hisamov ya fada game da tarihin yaren yaren, cewa ba lallai ba ne a yanke shawara game da yaren da ke kasar Tatar, da kuma game da Menzelin Tatar wasan kwaikwayo.
"Muna da yare uku na harshen Tatar kuma ban da yaren rubutu har yanzu suna rubutu, kuma yare ba shi da rubutu"
- Kai ne babban likitan ilimin Tatar. Bayyana, don Allah, menene?
- Gaskiya da 2020 da 2021 ana iya sanar da shekarun Jari. Ofaya daga cikin rassan ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ya zama sananne, ko da yake kafin wannan, wannan ilimin ba ya yadu. Akwai sabani da yawa akan wannan batun. Amma dukansu sune mutane mafi zurfi ko tsoratarwa. A gare mu, 'yan ilimin' yan sihiri da masana ilimin 'yancin', tambayar ba ta da daraja, saboda masana kimiyyarmu suna yi ta'aziyya tare da kai. Babu shakka. Kawai lokacin da kuka rubuta wani abu akan wannan batun, kuna buƙatar karanta su, kuma kada ku bayyana wani abu mara iyaka kuma ku nuna rashin aiki.
Jarida shine abu ne wanda yake yin karatun yankin yankin. Akwai sabani da yawa, shine yare gaba ɗaya, kuma menene banbanci tsakanin yaren daga yare? A zahiri, yaren yare ne! To ta yaya ya bambanta da yaren rubutu? Yankin yare wani harshe ne da aka rarraba a cikin iyaka yankin, sun mallaki wasu adadin mutane. Kuma an riga an aiwatar da yaren rubutu, yare na al'ada, wanda ake buƙata don duk wakilan mutane. Misali, Hardar Tatar ta ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa: yare a rubuce - abu na wajibi don duka, sai dai a cikin yaruka, da kuma duk suna yin harshen ƙasa kuma suna cikin sa. Muna da yare uku na harshen Tatar da kuma ban da yaren rubutu har yanzu suna rubutu, kuma yare ba shi da rubutu. Yayi matukar ban dariya lokacin da bara suka yi kokarin rubuta rubutacciyar magana a wajen arewa-yare na yaren Bashkir, wanda a cikin manufa ba zai iya rubuta rubuce-rubuce ba. Hakanan ana rarraba yaruka zuwa yare, kuma waɗannan har ma da yankuna ƙananan yankuna ne waɗanda suka zama ruwan gungumen a wasu yankuna.
- Ya juya cewa yare ya fi girma, kuma karami magana? Da kuma yawan yaruka da yaruka daga Tatar mutane?
- Akwai yaruka uku, an sanya su alamun alamun ƙasa: Yammacin Turai, na tsakiya da gabas. Wakilan yare na yamma sun danganta da tataces na Kazan, I.e. Yankin yamma - Mishari. Kazan Tattaunawa Muna kiran matsakaicin yare, gama suna tsakanin gabas da yamma. Yankin Gabas na Yaki shine yare na Tatars na Siberian.
- Suna magana sosai daga yaren da aka rubuta? Shin za mu iya fahimtar juna?
- Tabbas, zamu iya fahimtar juna, saboda Wannan duk harshen Tatar kuma muna da 'yanci daga yaruka. Akwai irin wannan ra'ayi azaman ainihin abubuwan da harshen harshe, kuma akwai abubuwan da yare. Babban abubuwan suna da ma'ana ga dukkan yaruka da magana game da Tatar, abin da ke sa harshe ɗaya ne. Wadancan. Idan na faɗi wani abu, zai zama sarai ga kowa. Kuma abubuwan da keɓaɓɓun abubuwan ba mahimmanci bane, wanda ya dogara da yankin rayuwa. Misali, Tatar siberian zaune a Siberiya, suna da sauran yanayin yanayi, kuma a gaba daya yanayin zama, da sauran kabilun mazaunan zama a samuwar, suna da wata rayuwa. Menene ma'anar wannan? Harshensu ya shafi kalmomin da ba a Kazan ba. Zai iya zama ƙarami, canje-canje na phonetic. Misali, yare matsakaici mai kusa yana halin sauti mai kyau "A", ko kalmomin da suke farawa da "th", җEgets - Tat. Kuma muna fahimtar juna.
Misali, a cikin yaren yare, sauti "ya fi budewa kuma kusa da Rashanci, saboda Suna yamma kuma tare da Russia suna da ƙarin lamba. Ba a yi la'akari da sauti mai ban sha'awa "A" alama ce ta sauran harsunan Turkic, mai ƙarfi na sauti "" mafi yawan duka na yanzu a tsakiyar yare da Bashkir. An yi bayani game da tasirin mutanen Finno-Ugric wanda ke zaune kusa.
- i.e. Yaruka sun fi ƙaranci fiye da harshen fiye da rashin?
- Tabbas! Idan kuka kwatanta da yarukan wasu yarukan, alal misali, a cikin Faransanci akwai yaruka 20, kuma a cikin kusancin Jamusanci 100. Kuma kowane ma'aikaci yana alfahari da pronancin ta. A duk duniya, ba a yanke shawarar ba da yarensa. Amma mu, Tatars, suna jin zafi kadan daga wannan, kuma wannan ba ya bukatar yi, saboda mutum yana magana da tatar kuma wannan shine asalinmu, tantance asali.
- Amma yaruka ba asalin ba ne don murkushe da al'umma?
- Tabbas! Komai mutane da yawa mutane suke da yaruka, da farko, suna ɗaukar kansu Jamusawa! Misali, ɗauki harshen wuta na baya, za su ci "waɗanda ke ci", akwai waɗanda "Akakana", waɗanda ke "Ruwa" - ba su gushe da Rashanci ba. Iri ɗaya tare da fararen Tatar! Kamar yadda na sani, kabilun daban-daban suka shiga cikin samuwar yare na Tatar, amma bayan wani lokaci ba mu kula da wani al'umma guda kuma mun zama ta, da alfahari da shi! Muna da cibiyar jawo hankalinmu - Kazan, wacce ke tara mu duka, ta haɗa mu kuma tana riƙe da duniyar Tatar.
"Abubuwan farko na yare na yare-zane Atlas na Tatar, an buga Atlas na farko na Tatar, 'yan bindigogi sun buga"
Da zarar kun ce a tsakanin mutanen Turkic, shi ne Tatars, fara nazarin yarukan su, aka wallafa su ... yaushe ya faru?
- Yarjejeniyar Tatar na farko sun fara karatun baya a karni na XIX, kuma Alexander Grigorievich Bestonov an dauke shi farkon wanda kimiyya. A cikin 1881, ya wallafa aikin kimiyya wanda ya yi nazarin harshen tafki, justtan Gabas da yamma na Bashkortostan. Bayan shi, sauran türicologists na Katanov, Rychkov, Kepin, wasu kuma suka kasance masu ban sha'awa, amma ba kawai Russia bane kawai har ma da Jamusawa. Misali, Ratles - Shi Jamusanci ne ta asali, ya tafi duk Siberiya kuma ya bar mu wani ginshiƙi mai ban sha'awa a kan Siberian Tatars. Sannan mafi yawan lokacin cin nasara na nazarin yare ana iya kiranta 50s na ƙarni na ƙarshe har sai 2010. A wannan lokacin, farkon masana kimiyya sun bayyana. Wannan na jira ana kashe shi - ya shirya littafin farko na Siberology, wanda shine mafi asalin ƙasar Siberiya da kuma yarukan yankin Siberiya. Kusa da kwanakinmu, Darius Ramazanov, Frreag Bayarzitova ya bar ayyukansu a kan wannan batun. Abubuwan farko na kayan yare na yare na farjin da muka fara tattarawa a cikin 50s, kuma a cikin 1989 Atlas na farko Tatar, an buga bindigogin mutane na farko. A wancan lokacin, masana 'yan sihiri 5 ne kawai suka yi aiki, sun yi balaguro dubu 838. A cikin wannan Atlas, kowane yare an nuna shi a taswira.
- Kun ce wannan aiki ne a kan Atlas ya fara ne a cikin 50s, a lokaci guda masana kimiyya a cikin Bashkiria kuma sun fara gabatar da ka'idodi game da yare na Arewa-Wold yare na yaren Bashkir ...
- Ee, kodayake ra'ayoyin a kan yare na yankin Bashir na yamma na yaren Bashkir ba su bayyana ta Tatar-Yaren mutanen Tatar-Yamma ba su da masanan, amma Russia. Ofayansu akwai Alexander Grigorievich Besondov, ya rubuta cewa shi babu shakka Tatar harshen Tatar da ƙari, shine mafi kusanci ga Tatar Harsuwa fiye da sauran. Komawa a karni na XVIIII-XIX, akwai sabani a kan batun abin da kabilan kabilu a cikin aji na Chute. Wadancan. A lokacin, ba su tabbatar ba game da gaskiyar cewa Henar ko Bashkira gami da kadaici, kuma abin da rukunin kabilanci ya yi tarayya tsakanin baƙar fata ko Bashkir? Kamar yadda na riga na yi magana da masana kimiyya na Katanov, Rychkov, Kepin ya zo ga ra'ayin gama gari cewa da Tatars ta mamaye cikin yaran. Amma Mari da Chuvashi suna cikin yaran. Daga baya, masanin kimiyya a lokacin da Kazan Ahmaniv ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama chilly - wannan aji ne kuma bugun ne da kuma farjin ta mamaye ciki. Game da shi ya rubuta katanov, wanda a cikin 1897-98. A lokacin bazara, 'yan kwanaki da suka zauna a cikin yankunan da Hecta, wanda ya tattauna cewa, a wajen yamma, da yamma akwai tatars da Tatar da Tatar su. Dukansu suna nuna cewa Tatars sun ce a wannan yankin ya fi kusa da yaren da ake kira. Lokacin da Bashkirs ka ce yare na Arewa-Yamma yasthe - Muna nufin menzelinsky da ke magana da tsakiyar yare. Dole ne in faɗi cewa wakilan maza na maza fiye da miliyan 1.5! Wannan shi ne gabas gabashin Tatar Tatan! Darius Ramazanova a 1984 ya fito da wani littafin da aka keɓe ga masu tarawa na Bashkortostan. A cikin littafin, yana haifar da yawancin takardu, lokacin da wakilan waɗancan ko wasu ƙauyukan suka koma can. Nuna cewa samari sun zauna a cikin yankuna, wanda ya koma daga Kazan, Lardin Vyatsy.
Da yake magana game da binciken masana kimiyyar Bashkir, ahnf Yuldashev ya yi jayayya cewa ba za a iya danganta wannan kalmar zuwa yaren Bashkir ba, wanda yake Tatar. Masana ilimin Bashirir ne suka gudanar da ra'ayoyin Bashkir wanda Nagim Ishbulatov, Talas Garipov. Yana da ban dariya, saboda menzelinsky yana magana ne daga duk yarukan tatar da ke wanzu kusa da yaren da ake kira, kamar yadda na fada. Menene masana kimiyya yanzu suna rokon lokacin da suka kira shi harshen Arewa-West na Bashkir? Cewa yarukan 'yan Majibin suna da sauti "s" (sauti ne, tare da zubar da harshe tsakanin hakora). Na kalli misalai na wasannin na 50-70s. Masanin iliminmu na 'yan lemu na da aka tattara a karkashin Kazan kuma za su halarci sauti "s". Misali, likitan dabbobi na yayan yusuupov ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa wataƙila shi ne ka'idojin rubutu na tsohuwar yaren Tartar, a lokacin da Kazan Khanate. Kuma kamar yadda muka sani cewa mutane kawai sun karkata zuwa wasu yankuna, to, al'adunsa sun kunna su kuma an kiyaye su. Suna magana game da difmans, muna magana ne game da "-Y-da-daya" a cikin Taattical - Barmam (a. Tare da Tat - Ba zan tafi ba Kuma wannan juyi na banbanci yana nan a cikin yare na yare. Haka kuma, yayin da muke sauraron waƙoƙin mutane, muna jin wannan sautin, ya kasance mai yawan gaske ga tsohuwar harshen turkic. A cikin tushen rubutu, tushen wannan sigar amfani da banbanci na banbanci. Wadannan yarukan ne na halitta kuma suna bawa multivariate. Misali, Byrga - "-Yrga, -erge" - Wannan fam tana wanzu ne kawai a rubuce.
- Bayan haka, yaron yana haɓaka a cikin kanta, a cikin mutane ...
- Ee, don haka na lura cewa yaran na halitta ne na halitta. Kodayake yaren rubutu - ba mu sanar da kansu ba, in ba haka ba ba za mu fahimci juna ba. An kafa yaren litattafan jihar Tatar a karshen 1919 a farkon shekaru 20. Ba wai kawai yare yare bane, amma a duk abin da kowa ya fahimci juna, kuma babu bambance-bambancen. Amma, wannan baya nufin cewa yarukan yare ba su da kyau kuma kuna buƙatar yin yaƙi da su kuma ya kamata kowa ya yi magana a kan faren harshe kawai. Yankin yare shine yaren da aka yardar wa wanda mahaifin da mahaifiyar da an koya.
- Kuma idan ba mu adana yaren rubutu ba, gwargwadon, haka, daidai da haka, ba za mu iya kiyaye kuma ga ma'aikata ba? Yadda za a sa yaranmu a yau sun gaya wa yaranmu da kuma kan yare rubutu da kan yaruka?
- Kawai kuna buƙatar faɗi, yi magana a cikin yarenku! Wajibi ne a fara da dangi da mai nuna alama ba ko yara suna magana a cikin Tatar, jikokin suna da ma'ana. Tabbas, ya zama dole don kula da asalinta, wayar da kai. Don haka yaren ya ci gaba, kuna buƙatar koyarwa a Tatar, ayyukan kimiyya, dokoki, kafafen yadudduka, Art, Littattafai.
Karanta kuma: Radik Salikhov: "A shekara ta 1919, ra'ayin kirkirar Jamhururin Tatar-Bashkir Jamhururin." - Video
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