A cikin tarihin babbar yakin mai kishin kasa, Arct LCC LORC, wanda ya tsare a cikin kayan aikin soja da yawa daga kasashen hadin gwiwar Hitler sun mamaye matsayi na musamman.
Sun yi lissafin kusan kwata-kwata na Lenid Lizovski Cargo, saboda hanya ce mafi sauri don canja wurin kayan da suka zama dole a yi wa jakar mu. Amma kuma mafi haɗari: Ya ɗauki kusan kwanaki 14, duk da haka, ba dukkanin jiragen ruwa sun kai ƙarshen hanyar ba: daga 1941 zuwa 1945 Shiga Sufuri, da kuma jigilar kayayyaki na 722, da kuma jigilar kayayyaki 52 tashar jiragen ruwa.
Yaya wahalar wannan hanyar, mutum zai iya yin hukunci a tarihin Soviet Steamer - "Tsohon tsohuwar Bolshevik". Wannan jirgin ruwa na wata rana bayan rana ta 27 ga Mayun, 1942 ya tsira daga hare-hare 47 na jirgin sama na Jamusanci ya isa Murmansk.
Isar da farko a cikin USSR karkashin shirin Alherest taimako, wanda yanzu haka ake kira asalin ƙasar Liz (Dukda cewa asali ne na taimakon sojojin Amurka), ya fara ne a karo na biyu kawai na bazara na 1941. Kamar yadda mafi sauri da isasshen lafiya a lokacin, an zabi Arctic. Hotunan sakin safiyar yau na Tekun Arctic - Murmansk, da kuma arkhangelsk, ya zama ƙarshen wasan Arctic Korvayev. Wannan birni ne a ranar 31 ga Agusta, 1941, ya karbe jiragen kasa na farko, da ake kira "dervyshese" kuma sun ƙunshi jiragen ruwa 7 da jiragen ruwa guda 15 da jiragen ruwa 15 da jiragen ruwa 15 da jiragen ruwa 15 da kuma jiragen ruwa 15 da jiragen ruwa guda 15. Themparfin na gaba, wanda tuni ya sanya alamar PQ-1 nan bada jimawa ba, nan bada jimawa ba, "ya isa USSR a ranar 11 ga Oktoba. Kuma karewar farko, wanda ya isa Murmansk - PQ-6, ya isa inda aka nufa a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1941.
Mafi shahararren tsakanin Polar Enowsy sun kasance biyu da aka shuka a jere - PQ-16 da PQ-17. Na farko ya zama sananne ga kasancewa mafi nasara dangane da rabo daga farashinsa da dabi'un kayayyakin da aka kawo. Na biyun, Alas, shine abin baƙin ciki da aka sani cewa shirye-shiryen sa na ƙarƙashin ikon sabis na musamman na Jamus, sabili da haka a kan hanyar jirgin ruwa a zahiri. Haka kuma, wannan shan kashi ya zama wani nau'in fansa na Jamus don nasarar aika PQ-16. Kodayake makomar "na sha shida" ba zai kira mai sauƙi ba, wanda misali ne na matukin jirgi na "tsohon Bolshevik" jirgin ruwa.
Wannan jirgin ruwa ya faɗi cikin wasan polar ya mai da rai tare da kyakkyawan aikin cikin lumana - jigilar gandun daji a arewacin teku. An gina tsohuwar Bolshevik a cikin 1933 a kan kariyar ta arewacin kasar da ke Leendrad da mallakar manyan tanadi - tan 11100 na gaba daya ko tan 5100 tan kayan daji). Aikin ya yi nasara sosai cewa tsawon shekaru biyar - daga 1930 zuwa 1935 - gina babban jerin 15 na 15. Itace tara bayan shuka ta zarce shuka mai sharri, fiye da sauran jiragen ruwa na Arewa. Wadannan jiragen ruwa sun kasance suna bayyanar da karfin karuwar karfi, saboda, a cewar aikin, har zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na gandun daji Cargo ya samo shi. Haka kuma, irin wannan kaya na iya samun tsawo na har zuwa 4 m, sabili da haka maimaitawa kamar "Tsohon Bolshevik", wanda kuma ake kira "manyan gandun daji, wanda ake kira shi don kwanciyar hankali ba tare da rasa daidaitawa ba . A ƙarshe, tunda an gano babban bakin teku na babban huhu don manyan gandun daji, sun karbi karfafawar kankara. A cikin kalma, a kan lokacinta shi ne kyawawan kayayyaki masu kyau, suka zama kamar yadda kyawawan halaye.
Duk wannan ya zama dalilin da yasa manyan manyan gandun daji tare da farkon yaƙin da ake kira sabis. Wani sashi daga cikin gabas da ya yi maqiqa da gaske, wanda ya kawo karshen wata kungiyar Tarayyar Soviet daga Amurka - kuma an kuma gabatar da lamuran ga wannan. Kuma "tsohon Bolshevik", wanda ya yi aiki a kamfanin Samfurin Murmansk, ya zama wani bangare na polaroy. Don tabbatar da kariya daga jirgin daga hare-hare na abokan gaba na jirgin sama, biyu a kan bindigogin jirgin sama biyu da aka kirkira a kai da kuma wasu bindigogi na jirgin sama masu yawa - da kuma gandun daji ya juya zuwa sufuri.
A karshen Maris 1942, tsohon Bolshevik ya zo New York, inda sama da tan 4,000 na bawo a kan allo, da kuma rabin jirgin ruwan dozin. A farkon watan Mayu, jirgin ya shiga cikin bude teku kuma ya ɗauki hanya akan Reykjavik, inda yawancin yawancin polar suka haifar a wancan lokacin. Kuma da wuri da yamma a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1942, da aka kafa caravan PQ-16 sun kama hanya zuwa Murmansk. Jirgin ruwa ne 35 da ke karkashin jagorancin jiragen ruwa na 17, kazalika da cararish mai rakiyar Bearessh 4 da masu halaka.
Kwanakin farko na hanya sun kasance cikin kwantar da hankula: jirgin sama na Hitler ko filayen jirgin kasa ba su samu ga vanyari ba. Amma da safiyar ranar 25 ga Mayu, lokacin da Wabelay ya isa tsibirin Janairu, biyu da dozin ya kawo masa bama-sannu, ya kawo masa hari. Kuma ya fara wuta. Hare-hare sun biyo bayan daya, kuma gajeriyar dare na iya kawo jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa zuwa gajan babban nutsuwa. Mafi wahala ga PQ-16 ya zama ranar Mayu 27 - wanda ya canza makomar "tsohon Bolshevik" da kuma jirginsa.
A zahirin rabo Soviet sufuri ya kasance a cikin wutsiya na tsari, sabili da haka ya kasance maƙaryaci musamman tashin kai hari na jirgin saman Jamusanci. Har zuwa lokacin da aka sa lokacin babban matsala, ya sami ceto ta wurin taro mai yawa da bindigogi na jirgin sama, da kuma aiki sosai kuma daidai yake da aiki. The jirgin ruwa a zahiri ya ba da gudummawa daga "Junkos" Diven a kansa, kuma babban na Nangar da na shekaru 20, wani gogaggen na Articer na sayar da Baltic Baltiis Boris Akazenka. Wannan kokarin da ke shirin gudanar da "tsohuwar Bolshevik" sau uku sun sami damar Dodge.
Koyaya, komai girman abin hawa, komai masu kashe wuta a kan hanyar kai hari jirgin sama, daya daga cikin harin iska 47 da aka kawo tare da nasarar Nazis. A lokaci guda, "tsohuwar bolshevik" farmaki tara jirgin maƙiyi tara, kuma ɗayansu ya sami damar samun dama a cikin Semi na jirgin ruwa, nan da nan kafin kafa. Fuskar fashewar ta kashe lissafin bindiga na sama-tsaka-tsaki, kuma ya rarrabu; Wani fashewar tsinkaye da gadar kyaftin, Contusion Ivan Afdanasev.
Amma mafi munin abin shine cewa bam bam ya haifar da wuta a cikin druma, inda ammonium din yake. Don hana fashewar kai tsaye, Boris Ayroenok da na farko kyaftin na farko kan Politic (ya shiga cikin jirgin ruwa na Baltic) Konstantin Petrovsky ya gina shi wanda aka tsara shi daga dakin ƙonawa zuwa amintaccen wuri.
Lura da cewa wuta ta haskaka a tsohuwar bolshevik, kuma na yi tunanin da kyau, wanda kaya ke kan jirgin ruwan Soviet zai bar jirgin ruwan kowane minti don fashewa. The Ingilishi na turanci ya riga ya kusata shi ya karɓi matukan jirgin ruwan Rashanci, sannan kuma ya nutse mai kunnawa: akwai irin wannan aikin na yau da kullun. Amma matukan jirgin "tsohon Bolshevik" sun amsa wannan jumla ga magana daya: "Ba za mu binne jirgin ba." Kuma a sa'an nan sa'an nan kuma an jefa ci gaba da ci gaba da hare-hare na hare-hare, ya ci gaba, da kuma sufuri ya kasance daya tare da teku mai sanyi da harshen teku.
Thing takwas awanni na jirgin "tsohon Bolshevik" ya yi gwagwarmaya saboda ceton jirginsa - kuma ƙarshe ya ci nasara! An sami filastar wajen kashe, filastar da aka sa a kan ramuka, kuma sufuri ya motsa tare da covedoy. Ya kama shi, gobe, lokacin da ba wanda yake tsammanin dawowarsa. Ganin yadda aka kashe, tare da samfurin, a cikin jirgi, da gandun daji a zahiri ya umarci umarnin "yi da kyau" a kan flare na jirgin ruwa . A kan hadari a kan motsin rai, harshen sigina na Marine yana nufin sha'awar jirgin ruwan, wanda aka yi magana da wannan magana.
A maraice na Mayu 30, lokacin da babban wani ɓangaren ɓangaren shuru Pq-16 ya shiga cikin Kola Mai Tsaro "wanda ya ƙyamar da manyan bindigogi" ya sadu da su a kan jiragen ruwa hari. Jami'in Jami'in Jami'ar ya wuce sakon sakonni zuwa umurnin da umarnin karewa: "Bari in ba ka girman kai na," Bari na ba ka najimare da kuma dukkan masu girkin baƙi tare da aikin jaruntaka na "tsohon jirgin ruwan bolshevik". Don haka Russia kaɗai za ta iya yi. " Kuma nan bada jimawa ba, wani sabon telegram ya zo umarnin sojojin Soviet - daga girmamawa ta Burtaniya, ina so ya taya murna da kyakkyawar horo kwana shida. Halayen "tsohon Bolshevik" ya kasance mai girma. "
A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, matukin jirgi na Crew na "tsohon Bolshevik" an kiyasta babu ƙasa. Kyaftin Leosvozz Ivan Afasiyya jirgin ruwa hudu).
"Tsohon tsohuwar Bolshevik" da kansa kuma an ba shi - tsari na Lenin: hotonsa ya yi ado da tutar jirgin. A watan Yuni na 1942, "tsohuwar Bolshevik" Lane a watan Yuni 1942, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kamfanin Pacific da har zuwa Nuwamba 1945, aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kamfanin jigilar kaya na gabashin teku, ya ci gaba zuwa ga shiga cikin isar da kayayyakin sojoji daga Amurka. Jirgin ya kasance a cikin tsarin aiki har zuwa 1969, har tsawon shekaru ba su ɗauki nasu ba tukuna ...