Mai sassaucin ra'ayi Uzbekistan?

A farkon watan Fabrairu, Bankin Deutsche Bank ya ware $ 192.5 miliyan zuwa bankunan Uzbek biyu - XAQ Bank da Asaka.

Shugaban kasar Uzbekistan Shvkat Miris. Sergey Guneyev / Ria Novosti

Ban da ban sha'awa, duk da haka, bazai zama yarjejeniyar kanta ba, amma wannan sharhi ne wanda bankin Jamus ya bayar da maganinta:

Khrushchev, Gorbachev, Kosygin

Don haka, aro na yanzu ga bankunan Uzbek ya zama babban ci gaba na tarihin siyasa, wanda ya fara ne a shekara ta 2016, lokacin da Shawkat Miristan ta mutu, kuma inda aka kashe shugaban kasar nan. , har ma a baya - Hokim (Gwamna) na Samarkand yankin. Mahaifin Jama'a na yanzu wani likita ne kuma shugaban ragamar cutar tarin fuka, shugaban kasa ta Injiniya ya fara aiki tare da mai bincike a cikin lokutan aikin gona, inda a cikin lokutan aikin gona ya zama abokin tarayya Farfesa da Mataimakin-harin don aikin ilimi. A siyasa, jihar gaba ta fara bayan 1990.

Hukumar na Shawkat Mirizyev ya fara da cikakkun canje-canje da suka riga sun yi nasarar kwatanta da Khrushchev Thaw, kuma tare da Perestroika na Gorbachea. Zai yi wuya a gaya game da sauye sauye-sauye, kamar yadda suke a rufe a zahiri fursunoni -, sake fasalin wasikun, kiwon lafiya da sojoji. Af, fassarar yaren Uzbek a Latin ta fara. An kimanta ƙurar alama na Shvkat Mirisev an kimanta shi da wannan "Beight na waje" A matsayin shugaban ƙasar Belarster Lukashenko, wanda a farkon Fabrairu ya ce game da abokin aikinsa Uzbek:

Tsohon shugaban Kyrgyzstan Oscar Akayev a daya daga cikin hidimarsa na shkolkat mirziyev:

Akaya ma an ce Shugaba Mirziyev:

Cire auduga ba tare da masu jinya ba

A cikin aikin gona na Jamhuriyar, ya fara a ƙarshe kawar da ragowar Soviet (kuma a lokaci guda na jihar mallakar wani jihar ne ya karbi daga gare shi Umarni don wadatar da wasu kundin auduga da hatsi, da kuma yawancin 'yan ƙasa, gami da yara, tilasta waƙakke don tsabtace auduga. Dokokin tilasta haduwa da yawa a kasashen waje, har ma da kokarin kauracewa auduga na Uzbek a Yammacin, amma yanzu amfani da tilasta wajan tilasta auduga a cikin 2020 yayi aiki da yardar kaina, Standardambobin da ke da su, malamai, likitoci da ma'aikatan aikin jinya sun daina, raunin maganganun auduga sun tilasta wa aiki shine 33% fiye da a cikin 2019.

A lokaci guda, an sayi sayan mallaka na sirri a Uzbekistan. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a cikin 2020 a cikin aikin gona na Jamhuriyar tsarin da aka soke a karon farko. Yanzu manoma sun sami damar sayar da samfuran da suke so, amma ba koyaushe yake nufin 'yanci ga manoma ba, tunda sababbin batutuwa sun bayyana a bangaren aikin gona, tunda sabobin da ake kira. "Gungu", a zahiri Agro-Cortorations, a zahiri Agro-Cortorations, da aka gina a kusa da masana'antar sarrafawa (musamman, gungu a kusa da rubutu). Wani ɓangare na ƙasar manomi sun tafi gungu, kuma a wasu yankuna babu wani wuri na kayayyakin aikin gona da gaske don kayayyakin aikin gona.

Jimlar m

Hanya ɗaya ko wani, tattalin arziƙin ya shiga cikin ƙarin hanyoyin kasuwancin. A watan Oktoba 2020, Shugaban Kasar Uzbekistan ya sanya hannu kan wani hukunci a kan karfafawa kamfanoni, kungiyoyin masana'antu 2, masu aiki 2 na wayar salula, da sauransu Akwai saƙo cewa kunshin hannun jari na tasakin shuka na Tashkent Stemiconductor "Photon" Kuna son bayar da masu zuba jari na Rasha.

Akwai sake fasalin haraji na dogon lokaci; An riga an rage farashin haraji da yawa: Daga 14% zuwa 12% zuwa 2% zuwa kashi 12%, guda ɗaya Bayar da zamantakewa ya fadi daga kashi 25% zuwa 12%.

A ƙarshe, Uzbekini ya fara buɗe tattalin arzikinta. A gaban diflomasiya na gaba, da alaƙar da ke da makwabta mafi kusa an inganta. Uzbekistan da aka shigar azaman mai kallo a cikin EAUeu. An ba da izinin kasuwar kudin (kafin a sayi kudin kasuwa a cikin ƙasar kawai "daga ƙarƙashin benaye", an ba da izinin izinin barin ƙasar ba tare da visas ba. Hani da monopolies a cikin kasuwancin kasashen waje da aka soke. Masu ba da shawara daga Jamus, an gayyace Koriya ta Kudu a gwamnatin; A cikin layi daya, tattaunawar ta fara da manyan masu saka hannun jari.

Menene sakamakon tattalin arziki na duk waɗannan canje-canje?

Girma da bashi

Aƙalla, adadin haɓakar tattalin arziki ya nuna cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Uzbekistan shine mafi saurin CIS mafi sauri.

GDP ta karu,%

Country 2018 2019 Uzakhstan 4.5 5.5 5.5 Rasha 1.5 1.2 Russia 1.8 2.5 Rasha 1.8 4, 9 5.2 Belarus 2.5 3.1 1.2

Source: Bankin Duniya

A cikin hasken kasuwancin Bankin Duniya na kasuwanci na Bankin Duniya a cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata, Uzbekistan ya tashi daga matsayi na 85 zuwa 69th. A karshen shekarar 2019, mujallar tattalin arziki gane Uzbekistan na shekarar, wanda ke nuna cewa tsawan Asiya na Tsakiya a cikin Organictator na Tsohon Sien-Soviet tare da rufaffiyar al'umma zuwa Matasa al'umma da sauri hadar cikin tattalin arzikin duniya. "

Binciken kasuwa ya haifar da karuwa a cikin shigo da kaya, saboda har zuwa shekara ta 2017, Uzbekistan, da yawa daga matakan shigo da kayayyaki sama da 3,000 na kayayyaki. Bayan an cire ƙuntatawa, ƙarar shigo da shekaru 3 (2017-2019) ya karu daga dala biliyan 22 zuwa dala biliyan 22 zuwa dala miliyan 22 (c $ 10 zuwa $ 15 biliyan). A cewar bankin Uzberek na Uzberek, a cikin 2018-2020. Hadarin shigo da kaya a cikin tarin yawa ta carfe yawan yawan amfani daga kashi 48% zuwa 63%. Daga walakokin fitowar Uzbek, af, ta hanyar Rasha, a cikin shekaru miliyan 689 - kimanin sau 1.5 fiye da shekara ɗaya da suka gabata, da Uzbekistan ya shiga Manyan masu siyar da man sunfiye na Rana na Rasha (tare da China, Turkiyya da Indiya).

A lokaci guda, boam buri ya fara ne a cikin ƙasar, wanda a jera bayyana bushara don ci gaba da shigo da kaya. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa bankunan Uzbek ya kuma nemi samun kudi zuwa Bankin Deutsche.

Uzbek Mai Gudanar da Rasha - kuma ya fara tunani game da matsalar girma a cikin nauyin yawan jama'a. Musamman ma a cikin sake fasalin kasuwa da ba a iya tattarawa a tsakanin talakawa na yau da kullun, a matsayinku na tallafin jihar don samfuran samfuran - abinci da auduga.

Bukatar kudi

Biyan saiti, da bukatar ci gaba da inganta sauyawa ya karu da bukatar kasar Uzbekistan a gaban kungiyoyi na kasa da kasa da bankunan kasa da kasa da bankunan kasa da kasa da bankunan kasa da kasa da bankunan duniya. A Nuwamba 2017, aka bude ofishin Ebrst a Tashkent, wanda nan da nan ya ba da izinin dala miliyan 120. Bankin cigaban Asiya . An kirkiro ofasar Tarayyar Turai. An kirkiro Tarayyar Turai. Aikin tattalin arziki ga Uzbekistan tare da Euro miliyan 168 a fagen masana'antar, kasuwanci, ci gaban al'umma, ilimi ne da ake gudanarwa. Yanzu Uzbekistan da Bankin Duniya suna bunkasa shirin hadin gwiwa har zuwa 2026. Bugu da kari, a bara Uzbekistan ya karbi sama da dala biliyan 1 a cikin hanyar bankin duniya, asusun bankin asigen Asiya da kuma taimakon kuɗi na kasa don in magance coronavirus.

Duk wannan tsinkaye ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa kasar ta fara karuwar bashin waje. Tun daga shekarar 2017 zuwa Oktoba 1, 2020, Bashin kasar ta waje ya kusan ninki biyu, ya karu daga dala biliyan 17 zuwa dala biliyan 17 don dala biliyan 17 ga dala biliyan 17 ga dala biliyan 17. A lokaci guda, bashin jama'a a cikin 2020 ya ƙaru daga 29% zuwa 36% na GDP. Kasafin kuɗi na ƙasar ba shi da sauƙi - kuma an sa kasawar a matakin 4% na GDP.

Zuwa yanzu, kudirin Uzbek yana da tanadin ƙarfi, kuma yana da mahimmanci bege cewa ƙasar za ta shawo kan matsalolin duka. The Pandekic buga Uzbekistan da dukkanin dukiyar haɓakar GDP, kimanta shi ta hanyar masana tattalin arziki, sun faɗi 0.7% a 2020. Amma akwai fatan cewa gwajin Uzbek zai zama tunatarwa da sauran kasashe na duniya game da bukatar sake fasalin.

An buga ta: Konstantin FRumkin