Wannan labarin bude, wanda sau ɗaya kuma har abada ya canza gabatarwar masana game da tauraron dan adam game da taurari na ƙattayen tsarin rana.
Grand yawon shakatawa - Voyager
A ƙarshen ƙarfe 60s na ƙarni na ƙarshe, Nasa yana da babban shirin sararin samaniya, wanda masana kimiyya suka shirya don aika na'urori guda huɗu zuwa taurari na waje. Biyu a shekarar 1977 - zuwa Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto, ya fi so a 1979 - Jupiter, Uranus, Nepiter, Uranus, Neptune. Amma, kamar yadda sau da yawa faruwa a masana'antar sarari, Gwamnatin Amurka ta yanke hukuncin samar da tallafin. Wuraren da aka riga aka riga an riga an riga an amince da shirin Shttl na Shttl na 1 zuwa dala biliyan 1 zuwa dala miliyan 360. Masana ilimin NASA na bita da aikin kuma sun yanke shawarar aikawa biyu maimakon zabin hudu. Haka ne, kuma adadin gawawwakin gwajin ya iyakance. Maimakon shida yanzu, akwai uku daga cikinsu: Jupiter, Saturn, Titan. Duniya ta ƙarshe ta kasance mafi fifiko. Jerin ya hada da saboda gaskiyar cewa kawai dan adam na tsarin hasken rana, wanda ke da yanayi.
An shirya jerin jerin mariner biyu don jirgin: "Mariner-11" da "Mariner-12". A tashoshin wannan nau'in Nasa da aka yi amfani da shi tun 1962, a lokuta daban-daban an tura su zuwa Venus, Mars da Mercury. Babban shirin yawon shakatawa ne Mariner Jupiter-Saturn, kuma a 1977 aka ba da aikin sabon suna - Voyager. Yanzu an kira lepes "Voyager-1" da "Voyager-2". Dukansu sun tafi kan hanya a cikin 1977 tare da bambanci na kwanaki 16. An samo asali ne cewa rayuwar sabis ɗin kayan aikin za ta kasance shekaru 5, amma, kamar yadda kuka sani, jirginsu ya ci gaba har kusan shekaru 44.
Kyamarori "Voyagerov"
A kan jirgin "Voyagerov" akwai kyamarori biyu na talabijin biyu - kusurwa-kusurwa da kunkuntar-angled. Mayar da hankali nesa game da ruwan tabarau na 200 mm da 1500 mm, kusurwar kallo na 3.2 ° da 0.42 °, bi da bi °, bi da bi. Gidan yanar gizo na NASA wanda ya ba da izinin kwamitin kundin kunkuntar ya isa ya karanta labarin daga sama da 1 km. A wancan lokacin, waɗannan kyamarori ne masu haɓaka sun taɓa lalata a tashoshin sararin samaniya.
Ana ajiye bayanan na'urorin a kan Ribital Drive. A cikin binciken duniyar ko tauraron sa, an tara waɗannan bayanan da sauri fiye da yadda za a iya canjawa duniya. A takaice dai, yayin bazuwar zuwa duniyar, bincike ya yi, da magana da shi, da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da ƙwaƙwalwar ta isa kawai a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta Radiothoscopscopscopes na Dubar sararin samaniya Sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa mai zurfi sararin samaniya (DSN). A cewar shafin NASA, ana yada bayanan Voyager-1 zuwa Duniya a 160 BPS, 34-mita da 70-mita DSN ertennas ana amfani da sigina.
[Kara karantawa, kamar yadda sararin samaniya yana watsa hotuna zuwa Duniya, zaku iya daga labarinmu "yadda masana kimiyya suka sami hotunan ta hanyar sararin samaniya"]
Kowace kyamarar tana da zoben trant, wanda ya hada da orange, kore, matattarar shuɗi, ana iya haɗe su don samo hotuna a kusan launuka na gaske.
Ga misalin harbi "Voyager-1" ta amfani da tace haske. Hoton ƙasa da wata ya yi daga nesa kusan miliyan 11.7 kim kimanin makonni biyu bayan ƙaddamar da bincike:
[Labarin Snaphot a cikin kayanmu: "Hoton hadin gwiwa na farko na duniya da wata a cikin tarihi. Shahararren Shahararru, wanda ya wuce shekaru 43 da suka gabata ya sanya "Voyager-1" "]
Jupiter da io
A farkon 1979, Varager-1 ya fara rufe da Jupiter. A cikin layi daya, ya sanya hotunan gidan Gasileyan Gas Gasnen Satellowers. Hotunan waɗannan tauraron dan adam ba su da masanan masanin kimiyya. Masana sun yi tunanin cewa a hotunan Voyager-1, za su ga guda ɗaya, babu daban da junanar wata, ba tare da labarin taurari na musamman ba, ba kamar ilimin taurari na yau ba.
Daga cikin dukkan tauraron dan wasan Galilean, mafi yawan al'ummomin kimiyya sun rikita da IO. A cewar nazarin wasan kwaikwayo, Io da alama ga masana kimiya ne a matsayin jiki kadan fiye da wata, amma kungiyoyi ne suka lalata shi. A saman tauraron dan adam na tauraron dan adam na Jupiter, masana suna tsammanin samun adiban na salts daban-daban. Amma IO ya zama na ainihi mai asirin duniya ba tare da tsabtace girgiza ba wanda aka rufe, an rufe shi da rawaya mai launin rawaya, lemo da farin riguna. Hotunan farko na tauraron dan adam mai cike da taurari ga ra'ayin cewa akwai wasu hanyoyin halitta, "burgewa da na wanke katako."
A cikin Maris 1979, Voyager-1 ya dauki hoto na io a dogon lokaci daga nisan kilomita miliyan 4.5, wanda ya buɗe labulen asirin wannan.
A cikin hoto, kwararru na Nasa ya lura da girgije da ke cikin ɗaruruwan kilomita kan "hasken" mara lafiya Io. Wannan hoton shine:
Da farko, masana kimiyya suna tunanin cewa waɗannan gurɓata ne da suka bayyana yayin harbi, amma bayan cikakken bincike ya bayyana a sarari cewa girgijen ya gaske. Tun da io yana da yanayi mai matukar amfani, masifikanci sun kammala cewa girgijen yana madaukai ne sakamakon fashewar fashewar Volcanic. An ba shi ƙira a P1.
Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, membobin ƙungiyar bincike na Voyager sun gano wani jirgin ƙasa a kan iyakar rana da rana (mai ƙiren P2.
Sabuwar bayanan da Voyager-1 ya nuna cewa P1 sakamakon ayyukan Pele, da P2 yana da alaƙa da Patoet na Volcanic, wanda Lake Lake Lava ya kulle.
Masana sun kammala cewa akwai Volcanoes na yanzu akan IO, kuma suna da alama Bambancin Akihan "Fariha tauraron dan adam" ba komai bane a lokacin rushewar abu: Abubuwa daban-daban na silicing, sulfur, sulfur dioxide.
A wasu hotunan io, wanda aka samu ta Voyager-1, masana kimiyya sun gano madaukai takwas na Volcanic.
Bude bincike da kuma biyo baya na tauraron dan adam na tauraron dan adam ya taimaka wa masu sana'a duniyar duniya a cikin tsarin hasken rana, a yau yana kunshe da Volcanoes kusan 400 masu aiki da wutar lantarki.
An sake bugawa daga tasharmu
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