Darussan Fukushima da makomar makamashin nukiliya

A ranar 11 ga Maris, 2021, daidai shekaru 10 hatsarin haɗari akan Fukushima ana yin su. Girgizar kasa kuma tsunami ta haifar da lalacewar tsarin sanyaya a hudu daga cikin fukushima-Diwi NPP reactors, sannan kuma fashewar kwari da rarraba gurbata na rediyo. A shekarar 2016, ma'aikatar tattalin arzikin kasar Japan ta kiyasta lalacewar hatsarin makamancin makiyan nukiliya a dala biliyan 195, tun daga lokacin farashin ya ƙaru.

Tarihi na Thinom

Har yanzu ana gudanar da ruwa a cikin gwamnatin Japan, ya yi imanin cewa zubar da sharar kayan rediyo bayan hadarin zai kashe shi har zuwa tsakiyar karni. Amma wannan datti ne kawai wanda aka tara sama da shekaru 10. Bugu da kari a gare shi, har yanzu akwai halakar da cewa dubun dubatan ton na sharar gida ne, har da ruwa gurbata. Last fall, niyyar hukumomin Jafananci sun fara sake saita wannan ruwa a cikin teku ta lalacewar kasa da kasa da kasa. A tsawon shekaru da yawa, daruruwan ton na ruwa da aka saya kullun daga masu siyar da lalacewa, amma a 2022, kwantena saboda adana su sun cika. A wani bangare wannan ruwa an share, amma ba a tace tritia na rediyo ba, sabili da haka ya riga ya sharar gida.

A halin yanzu, masunta ya kashe tekun Japan ya kama kifin mai rediyo ya kama.

Bayan hatsarin Japan ya soke shirin dabarun, wanda ya bayar don ci gaban wutar lantarki 53 da ba a sarrafa su ba, kuma wasu daga cikin wadannan karnukan an tilasta wa a daidaita. Amma kasar Japan ta ce yarjejeniyar yanayin Paris kuma ta ayyana tsaka tsaka tsaka tsaki da tsakiyar karni, wanda zai bukaci ƙi da burbushin mai. Duk da batun ci gaba mai gudana, shin zai yiwu a cika burin yanayi ba tare da Atomer makamashi ba, gwamnati ba ta sake yin saurin gina kantin makaman nukiliya. A cikin dabarun shirin cika yarjejeniyar Paris, Gwamnatin Japan game da "rage rabon makamashi na atomic kamar yadda zai yiwu", har ma da fifiko ga hanyoyin samar da makamashi. A cikin 2019, rabon makamashi na atomic a Japan ya kasance 6%, kuma yawan hanyoyin sabuntawa kusan 19%. A zahiri, yadda samun nasarar sabunta makamashi zai bunkasa, kasancewar makamashin nukiliya ya dogara.

Rana ta Atom

Hadarin da ya faru a Fukushima bai haifar da rufin hadadden na makaman nukiliya a duniya ba. Kasashe da yawa sun canza tunaninsu don gina masu bi, da yawa sun yanke shawarar ƙi makamashi a farkon - amma a gabaɗaya, irin waɗannan shirye-shirye sun Fukushima. Kuma ba su da alaƙa ba da yawa tare da tsoron hatsarori, amma tare da babban ƙarfin wannan kuzarin, gami da ƙarshen ƙarshen shulle lalata sharar makaman nukiliya. Mafi kyawun misalin shine Jamusanci, inda a cikin 2022 zai kashe shuka na nukiliyar da ta gabata. Shekaru 20 da suka gabata a daya daga cikin ƙasashen duniya mafi girma na duniya na "Tasirin Lafiyar Lafiya" na bayar da kusan na uku na wutar lantarki, a yau bangarorin na Jamusanci a kan masu samar da makamashi. Yanke shawarar ki yarda da makamashi na atomic ya bayyana a cikin Jamus ko da a bayan karni na XXI. Tsarin fitarwa na masu amfani da masu amfani daga amfani da shi, wanda suka rubuta nawa makamashi aka ba da izinin yin aiki, dangane da dalilan tsaron nukiliya.

Jim ba da daɗewa ba kafin hatsarin nukiliya a Japan, Chiskel din Merkel ya amince da kamfanonin wutar lantarki na Jamusanci don jinkirta da karbo na Nukiliya. Amma hadarin a Japan, wadannan shirye-shirye sun sha da kuma dawo da tsoffin tsare-tsaren rayuwa, sun amince da shekaru 10 kafin Fukushima.

Ainihin hasken rana na duniya na masana'antar nukiliya - Dukkanin kasashe a baya a matsayin misali na ingancin amfani da atomic makamashi, tare da wani saurin da ya ki. Babban ƙarfin nukiliya na Amurka a cikin duniya dangane da girman da aka shiga cikin zamanin taro daga aikin, yayin da ake maye gurbinsu ba sa gini. A Faransa, wanda yake da ɗayan manyan alamu a cikin duniya a cikin rabo daga tsire-tsire na makaman nukiliya, kuma babu wani shiri don su Sauyawa. A cikin dabarar Faransa ta Faransa, da girmamawa ba kan sabon NPP bane, amma don hanyoyin samar da makamashi na sabuntawa. Japan, inda a gaban Fukusuma, kusan rabin karfin da aka samar akan masu gyara, a yanzu yana so ya rage rabon atomic makamashi kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Yanzu a Rasha!

Yanzu zaku yi mamaki, amma ko da a Rasha makamashi na atomic ya kusan daina.

Rosatom ya amfani da tsire-tsire na makaman nukiliya 11 a Rasha, wanda ke aiki 37 masuta. Bugu da kari, da iyalin atomic tashar "Compican Lomonosov" tare da ƙananan ƙananan CLT-40 ana aiki da masu fansar abubuwa biyu akan Chukotka. A shekarar 2020, rabon da tsire-tsire na makaman nukiliya na Rasha a cikin samar da wutar lantarki kusan 20%.

Yawan nukiliya mai iyo ya zama mai maye gurbin tsohon Bilibla, inda aka dakatar da mai martaba na farko a shekarar 2019, ya kamata masana masana'antu uku suka yi iƙirarin cewa aikinta yana da tsada sosai.

Jerin gidan atomic ya kamata ya bayyana a baya a 2008, an jinkirta aikin fiye da shekaru 10. Masu ra'ayin muhalli sun maimaita wannan aikin "Flound Chernobyl" saboda damuwa a fagen aminci da nukiliya ba fadmara.

A shekarar 2020, akwai masu koyo uku a cikin Kursk da Leningrad tashoshi a karkashin gini. An gina waɗannan raka'a masu iko kamar yadda suke maye gurbin tsohon nau'in masu amfani da Chernobyl (RBMK-1000), wanda aka samo shi a hankali daga aiki. A Leningrad NPP, na farko rbmk-1000 reactor ya tsaya a karshen shekarar 2018, na biyu - a karshen shekarar 2020, an riga an gina su biyu Don sauyawa, amma ba a bayyane ko an maye gurbinsa da masu siye na uku da na huɗu ba.

A cikin Kucksk NPP a aiki akwai tubalin Chernobyl hudu. Na farko an shirya tsayawa a ƙarshen 2021, na biyu - a cikin 2024, da ƙari biyu - a 2028 da 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030 kuma 2030. Don sauyawa tun daga shekarar 2018, ana gina masu gyara biyu na vver-Tei (dangane da mafita na fasaha-1200 na WRDICE). Hakanan, kamar yadda ake da na Lenenrad NPP, ba a bayyana ba, za a gina sabbin katanga.

Gaba da tsire-tsire na nukiliya na makaman nukiliya wani muhimmin aikin fasaha ne da kudi, wanda kawai ake ci gaba da shi a Rasha. Duk da yake masu martaba 8 sun tsaya kuma har zuwa 15 za a tsaya a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa. Ainihin farashin fitarwa daga aikin NPP ba a sani ba. Masana'antar Nukiliya ta Rasha sun yi imanin cewa zai iya fito da aikin NPPs "don yawancin masu rahusa" fiye da dala biliyan 10 a kowace reactor.

Kuma akwai kuma sharar nukiliya

Fiye da ton miliyan 500 na Rediyon Redaya an tara su a Rasha, gami da tan miliyan 1 na sharar omanium sharar gida, wani asali na Jamusanci. Bugu da kari, har zuwa tan 25,000 na mai da aka yi amfani da shi tare da tsire-tsire na nukiliya. Tsarin Atomic masana'antu don sake maimaita wannan mai don haskaka kayan nukiliya don sake yin amfani. Koyaya, a Rasha wurare Akwai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, don haka wannan tsari zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa da yawa. Hakanan, ba a ƙare ba menene dalilin aiki, tunda ana buƙatar masu amfani da kayan aikin nukiliya, kuma akwai biyu daga cikinsu a Rasha. Ofaya daga cikin biyun sun tsufa sosai, kuma na biyun kuma an sa shi a cikin lokutan Chernobyl kuma wata zakara ce a cikin tsawon lokacin gini, wanda ya wuce matsakaita a duniya sau uku. Bugu da kari, sake dawowar mai na NPP shine babban abin cutarwa na yanayi mai yanayi, a sakamakon wanene ɗaruruwan sau da yawa na rediyo.

A Rasha, yana da matukar wahala a magance hukumomi idan ta zo ga atomic makamashi - masu fafutukar masu fafutukar muhalli suna daidaita da hukumomin atomic don magance sha'awar jama'a. Misali, dalilin gabatar da kungiyar kare muhalli a Rasha a cikin Rijistar wakilan kasashen waje da ke kan ginin Baltic NPP. Sakamakon wannan halin yana da rauni sosai iko akan masana'antar nukiliya. Abin sha'awa, an mai da rauni mai rauni atomic wanda ke haifar da hatsarin a Fukushima, tunda yana bin diddigin shekaru da yawa a bangarorin nukiliya sun shawo kan kawai, kuma an sauƙaƙe takardun. Rosatom yana da matsayi na musamman na mahimman kamfanoni kusa da Shugaba Putin. Majalisar Kamfanin Kamfanin Jihar Stegita ta jagoranta da tsohon Daraktan Stegii Kiriyenko, manajan yau daga gwamnatin shugaban kasar cikin gida.

Wannan samar da wannan samar da hukumar jihar ta yi bayani ba kawai da cewa ta hada da cewa ta hada da batun masana'antar makaman nukiliya. Amma kuma musamman "gepolitical", saboda siyar da mai reactor mai mahimmancin kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci.

Tasirin Atomic

Rosatom yayi jayayya cewa yana gina sabbin kayan aikin atomic a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya. Jimlar wadancan kudin wadannan ayyukan sun zarce dala biliyan 130. A shekarar 2020, Rosatom ya shirya sanya hannu kan ginin 'yan makirarta na Ullear, amma shirye-shiryen da aka hana cutar da cutar farfajiyar. Koyaya, ƙididdigar masu zaman kanta suna nuna cewa yawan yawan tsire-tsire na makaman nukiliya da aka yi la'akari da su. Kamar yadda bazara na 2020, rosatom yana da kwangila na cikakken ko wani ɓangare don gina masu gyara 25. Kuma farashin kwangilar kusan dala biliyan 100 ne. Koyaya, har ma da la'akari da ƙananan bayanai, Rosatom ya kasance mafi girma playeran wasa a cikin kasuwa sabon NPP a duniya. Kamfanin jihohi, sabanin wannan damar 'yan kasashen waje, yana da cikakkiyar damar amfani da kudin masu biyan haraji a lokacin da ta shafi tasirin kasashen waje. Kudaden sun fi dacewa a karkashin ragi mai yawa fiye da bankunan kasuwanci, da dawowar wadannan kudaden za su taka tsawon makoma. Ganin cewa ana aiwatar da ayyukan ne a cikin ƙasashe mara kyau, wanda ƙididdigar su ba ta ba da izinin tallafi ga aikin NPP, masu yiwuwa don dawo da kudaden da aka kashe kuma gaba ɗaya suna da fogy. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa yunƙurin haifar da ayyukan nukiliya na ƙasashen waje zuwa kowane irin kuɗi, ba da alaƙa da hukumomin Rasha ba, a cikin babban sashi ya kasa. Idan bangaren tattalin arzikin Rosatom ta haifar da tambayoyi, sannan dangane da "gepolitical" fiye ko a bayyane. Ayyukan NPP a cikin ƙasashe mara kyau sune kayan tasiri tasiri wanda zai ba ku damar ƙirƙirar dogaro da fasahar Rasha, babban birnin da bincike. Zuwa mafi karancin, kuma yana aiki a cikin "m" kasashen da ke kasar Sin na kasar Rasha.

Shekaru 10 bayan Fukushima, mun sami kansu a cikin duniya inda injiniyan nukiliya ta zama da yawa da yawa. Kasashe masu tasowa suna godiya ga Roosatom ya zama shimfidar ƙasa don wani mulkin mallaka na nukiliya ". Duk da yake ƙasashe masu tasowa suna cikin rufe tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin makaman nukiliya da, ko da a Rasha, da yawa ana gina masu sawa kamar yadda ake buƙata don maye gurbin fitarwa daga aiki. Idan ka saurari jawabai na jami'ai - muna yin fare akan makamashi na atomic. Idan an yi hukunci da al'amura, a bayyane yake cewa atomic makamashi don Kremlin ya zama da yawa da kayan aikin tasiri na kasa da kasa, da ci gaba a kasar ya rasa fifikonsa. Wannan rinjayar zai kashe mai biyan haraji na Rasha ba kawai $ 100 biliyan kowace operiyar Ofin Official ba. Da farko, Roosatom ba zai tsaya ba. Abu na biyu, daga cikin ƙasashe mara kyau za a fitar da su zuwa Rasha da aka kashe makaman nukiliya, ɗayan nau'ikan sharar wasan nukiliya da aka kirkiro a tsire-tsire na nukiliya. A cikin Rasha da kanta, kamar yadda a Yamma, ƙarshen ƙarshen cinikin tsoffin tsire-tsire na nukiliya, wanda ke nufin ko da ƙarin sharar nukiliya.

Shekaru masu zuwa 10-20 na gaba zasu zama lokacin farashi mai yawa akan sakamakon amfani da makamashin atomic. Kuma lokacin girma da sauri na haɗarin da ke hade da tarin lalata makaman nukiliya. Yawan abubuwa don adanawa zai karu, yana nufin cewa zai zama da wuya a tabbatar da aminci, da haɗarin leaks na radiation zai karu. Muna fatan cewa ba za a kara sabon Fukushima a cikin wadannan batutuwan a daya daga cikin kashin gida na rosatom na geopolitical. In ba haka ba dole ne ku biya ƙarin don hakan.

Ra'ayoyin marubucin ba na iya yin daidai da matsayin fitowar VTIMS.