A ranar 25 ga Maris, a wannan shekara a Amurka tana da shekaru 110 tun daga ranar da ke cikin mummunan aikin samarwa a duniya - wuta a masana'antar triangl a New York. Yau ya zama farkon aiwatar da dokokin harkokin aiki na Amurka, wanda ya zama misali ga kasashe da yawa. Amma a Amurka, har yanzu akwai sauran matsalolin dokokin da ke kare ma'aikata, musamman baƙi (wanda ya haifar da mafi yawan waɗanda aka shafa daga wuta).
Jaridu da ake kira wannan ruwan sama na wuta, saboda sama da rabin wadanda abin ya shafa sun mutu daga fadan masana'antar a Manhattan: rufe kofofin da kariya ta masana'antu a Jagorar shugabanni don ma'aikatan ba za su iya satar komai ba. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa 'yan mata ne, mafi yawa da samari, a cikinsu wadanda suke milors. Babban rinjayen baƙi ne ko kuma daga Daular Rasha (Yahudawa, akasin haka daga Bassabiya, inda a lardin da aka yi), ko kuma daga Kudancin Yaren mutanen Polah ko daga Irmiya ko daga Irmiya. Saboda takamaiman tsarin kabilanci ne na Wuta a masana'antar Triangl, toari ce muhimmiyar magana a cikin yankin Amurka, sannan a ƙasashe na Musulmi na wannan sabon abu na siyasa, wanda aka kira shi da sunan "gurguzu na Yahudawa".
Gaskiyar cewa yawancin ma'aikata sun mutu a rana guda, ba wani abu bane sabon abu a lokacin. A matsakaita, ma'aikata 100 sun mutu kowace rana a 1911. Ba sabon abu bane cewa kusan dukkanin ma'aikatan mata ne, daga cikinsu akwai ƙananan girlsan mata, da kuma gaskiyar cewa mutuwar waɗanda waɗanda suka shafa da yawa daga tsayin mutane. A sakamakon haka, yaduwa da yawa a karon farko Amurkawa sun koya game da yanayin aiki a irin waɗannan masana'antu da canji. Wannan shigar da karuwa cikin jarin tsaro na aiki, kazalika da kayan aikin Ma'aikatar Wutar da Kasar Amurka, wanda 'yan sanda sun gagara jimake da wannan sadaukar da ayyukan ceton mutane daga bene na 8 na Ginin masana'antu (raga don ceto mutane daga tsawo, kadai yarinyar ce, matakala bai ɗauki bene na 8 ba).
Akwai canje-canje?Shekaru 110 sun wuce, amma dokokin aikin da ba su jira cikakken bikin adalci ba. A wancan lokacin, yawancin 'yan kasuwa da yawa sun tsayayya da canje-canje na doka, tunda sun ga barazanar da kasuwancinsu. Dokar ta canza tun daga wannan lokacin, amma, yayin da suka wuce, Amurka da ta American malamin Petter Kimiyya a cikin shafin yanar gizon sa Huffington Post:
A ranar 24 ga Afrilu, shekaru 8 daga ranar hadarin Rana Plaza alamomin, a sakamakon waccan, da mutane ɗari, fiye da mutane ɗari suka mutu, kuma sama da 2500 sun ji rauni. Masu kare hakkokin ma'aikata nan da nan suka fara tuntuɓar kwangilolin da ke dinka kan masana'antu: Walmart, rata, vf corp. (mai mallakar na nautica, mai rera, Jansport da sauransu), JC Penney da ƙananan kamfanoni - Dandalin ingantattun kamfanoni - suna buƙatar ingantattun kamfanonin aiki don sojoji kwangilar. Koyaya, shekaru 8 sun wuce, waɗanda kuma a yanzu: Kamfanonin Amurka suna neman ajiyewa a farashin kayan da aka samar a cikin ƙasashen Duniya na Uku, kuma baara bane ke adanawa a kan amincin aiki. Guda Walmart ya kawo yawancin masana'antun masana'antu daga kasuwanci ko saboda sun kasa gamsar da yanayin da ake buƙata don ci gaba da kasuwancin, ko saboda haka ba su sami waɗannan kwangilar da ake buƙata ba don ba za a iya yin wannan kwangila ba irin waɗannan yanayi (gami da lura da amincin aiki). A cikin kasashen duniya na uku, alal misali, an haɗa tsarin da ke kashe wuta a cikin ƙarin ƙarin sabis ga ma'aikata waɗanda manyan kamfanonin Amurka zasu iya ajiyewa.
Yanayin Bangladesh a CaliforniaA lokaci guda, zai zama ba daidai ba a faɗi cewa samfuran da aka tura kamfanonin Amurka zuwa Bangladesh ko kuma ana samar da Malaysia a cikin mafi munin yanayi fiye da a wasu kamfanoni na Amurka. Yanayin aikin mata a cikin masana'antar tarko, a cewar kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam, sun zama kadan kadan fiye da shekaru 110 da suka gabata. Don haka, a cikin shagunan ajiya a cikin ƙasa na Los Angeles, kusan dubu dubu 45 da suke aiki, yawancin mata, a cikinsu suna da yawa baƙi daga ƙasashen Latin Amurka, kuma an samo su a cikin wasu samfuran guda uku cent. Yanayin aiki yana da ban tsoro da ƙa'idodin Amurka: A cikin iska, ƙura mai kauri, ba a cire gidan wanka ba, berayen suna gudana a kan wasu benayen masana'anta. Kamar yadda shekaru 110 da suka gabata, ma'aikata masu barazanar aiki daga ma'aikatansu, makonni masu tsayi da yawa - duk da cewa sun tsara kayan aikin Los Angeles (PPE) a duk faɗin Pandemic covid-19.
Don haka ba a canza ma'aikata ba zuwa ga asalinsu game da mummunan bayani game da ma'aikata, an tilasta musu yin magana da 'yan kasuwa ko kuma kwanan nan, inda suke cire su ta hanyar fassara. Lucy Gonzalez, baƙi da Guatemala, da ke hannun jari inda ta yi aiki a baya ta atomatik ta injin din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din ya rufe shi. A wani shago, Brigadier tayi kokarin swall a matsayin kara a kanta, amma bai buga ba, saboda rikici ya ga mijinta. Ba a taɓa biyan kwanakin asibiti ba. Lucy ta aiki rana a kan dukkan warehouses, ciki har da a yanzu, zai fara a 5,30 da safe da kuma iyakar a 9 am, albashi kasa da $ 500, wanda shi ne wani benci ga wannan kasar, ko da yake samun kudin shiga ne mai kyau samun kudin shiga ga Guatemala. Kasancewar magana, ba ta fi ma'aikata baƙi ba daga kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya don suyi aiki a masana'antar da ba a iya samarwa a Moscow.
A cikin rahoton 2016, Jami'ar California a Los Angeles, Cibiyar ma'aikatan masana'antu da aka samu daga sama da daukar nauyin masana'antar ta yi a cikin gari: 72 % ya ruwaito cewa ƙura ta mamaye ayyukansu, kashi 60% sun ce da zafin ƙura da matsananciyar iska mai yawa suna da wahalar yin amfani da su akai-akai, kuma 42% lura kasancewarsu a kai a kai na mice da beraye a cikin masana'antar su (akwai abubuwan lura a cikin masana'antar masana'antu da fleas, amma ba a bayyana su cikin rahoton).
Rahoton ya kuma bayyana cewa Ma'aikatar kwadago ta samu matakin kashi 85 cikin dari bisa dokokin dokar Wage da kuma ka'idojin aiki a masana'antar Los Angeles a shekara ta 2016; Dokar ta har abada, Ross da TJ Maxx mafi sau da yawa keta karya.
A cikin jihohin Kudancin Amurka, kusan kashi 71% na ma'aikata a kan cooki da kuma dinka masu baƙi sune Latin Amurkawa, kuma kashi 60% na keɓaɓɓen kashi a cikin keken dinki - mata. Da yawa daga cikinsu ma basu da takardu. Tare da irin wannan dangantakar tsere, jinsi da matsayin doka, wasu ma'aikata suna tsoron ɗaukar fansa daga ma'aikatansu - koda kuwa dokokin aiki a gefe. A cikin New York, inda akwai shekaru 110 da suka wuce, wata wuta a masana'antar Triangl, da ke cikin arewa da kuma a arewa, har yanzu suna kan aikin baƙi.
A cewar dokokin tarayya na Amurka, ma'aikata daban-daban na zama dan kasa suna da 'yancin karya, iznin rashin lafiya, amma galibi suna biyan bukatun ma'aikata don ma'aikatan da ba su yi rajista ba. A lokaci guda, duk wanda ke aiki akalla awa daya a kowane yanayi na Amurka, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinta ba.
Ra'ayoyiA California, inda mafi tsayayyen sakamako na amfani da "dokar ta cancanci rufe loopholes a cikin" AB 633 Dokar. Kodayake Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ce ba ta amince da lissafin jihar ba a watan Satumbar a bara, Sanata da jihar Eleena Dacina da lauyoyi sun sake sanya shi a matsayin majalisar dattijai 62 a watan Disamba. Sabuwar lissafin yana faɗar nauyin da dillalai, ya hana al'adar shirya tsarin mulki kuma ya ba Ofishin Ombudsman a ƙasa ta hanyar albashi kuma ya jawo hankalin su don wannan ga adalci.
Sanarwa ta: Roman Mamman