A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, an yi amfani da jarirai na gargajiya na baya - don magance tankoki da motocin da suka yi yawa, yayin haifar da labulen wuta, da sauransu. Babban Nomenclature na waɗannan kudade an aiwatar da su. Mahalarta sunyi amfani da grendiali na gargajiya, masu ji da kwalba.
Kwalabe tare da cakuda na cikin fushi, tare da duk arha da kuma saukin masana'antar masana'anta, tabbatar da ingancinsu yayin yakin basasa a Spain. A shekara ta 1939, Japan ta yi amfani da su da burin Karelia da Fins a Karelia, su ma sun yi amfani da manyan dakaru na Soviet - a lokacin farko Daga cikin babban yakin shaye-shaye, tare da mafi karancin karancin wasu kudaden pt-kudade. Koyaya, an yi amfani da su kusan har zuwa ƙarshen yakin.
Tuni a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1941, Kwamitin Jihar da ya dauki nauyin masana'antar magunguna na kafirai (wanda aka wajabta shi don shirya kwalayen gilashin laster na Ana girke girke-girke na FASAHA-6 na ammonium na ammonium. Kuma shugaban Ma'aikatar Ka'idar Sojoji na Red Army na Red Army (daga baya - Babban aikin soja na soja) da aka gabatar daga Yuli na 14 ga Yuli don fara "samar da raka'o'in soja tare da grenading na ibada."
Har zuwa wannan, ana amfani da galihu giya da kwalabe vodka, sanye da shi da cakuda da aka cakuda No. 1 da No. 3. Abubuwan da aka gyara sun yi aiki a matsayin jirgin ruwan fetur, kerosene, ligroin, thickened ta op-2, wanda aka haɓaka a cikin 1939 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin A.p. Ionova. Lokacin haɓakawa na irin waɗannan cakuda (yawanci yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu) - 40-60 seconds., Zazzabi ci gaba - 700-800 ° C. Abubuwan da aka gaza sun yi amfani da su da kuma binne su, wanda ya kasance a cikin itacen al'ada, wanda ya bayyana a Amurka a 1942.
Ingantaccen "kwalabe" an ƙaddara ba kawai da kaddarorin cakuda, amma kuma ta hanyar wutan sa. A mafi sauƙin sigar, kwalbar ta makale a cikin filogi, kuma kafin jefa, mai faɗa dole ne a maye gurbinsa da Rag-foppy, moistened tare da mai, wanda ya kunna wuta.
Aikin ya ɗauki lokaci mai yawa, yin "kwalban" mara amfani, kuma yana da haɗari ga mayaƙan kansa. A cikin wani allohins, wasanni biyu da aka tsallake a wuyan kungiyar roba na iya bauta wa. Maɗaukaki ya dace da grater ko akwatin. A watan Agusta 1941, an sayar da mafi sinadarai a.t. Konina, MA Shcheva da p.s. Solodovnik: Amuthoule tare da sulfuric acid, giya gishiri da sukari an ɗora don kwalban band. Skal walƙiya da zaran ampoule ya fadi da kwalban.
Don ƙara amincin wuta yayin shigar da manufa - kuma wannan babbar matsala ce - Ampoumes uku-hudu an haɗe zuwa kwalban a kusa da kewayen. Designasen G. Korobov ya kirkiro da ingantaccen tsarin watsi da kayan kwalliyar bindiga guda ɗaya. Mafi yawan kayan kwalabe ne, sanye take da hasken ruwan da aka sani da shi da kuma masarufi mai launin rawaya tare da phosphorus da sulfur. Ruwayoyi sun kunna kawai daga hulɗa da iska bayan karya kwalban. Lokacin ɗaukar su ya kai minti 2-3, sakamakon zafin jiki shine 800-1000 ° C. Wadannan taya ne da suka karɓi sunan barkwanci mai yawa "Cocktail Molotov". Don kare ruwa a kan saduwa da iska zuwa amfani da kwalbar, a cikin ƙarshen lokacin da aka zuba a saman, kuma toshewar ta ciyar da tef ko waya. A cikin girke-girke "hunturu" sun haɗa da girke-girke, masu wuta kuma a zazzabi na -40 ° C. Ga kowane kwalba, an sanya umarnin kan amfani.
Ruwan yabo, ta hanyar, an sanye take da jirgin saman av-2, ya yi amfani da tankuna ta hanyar hari da Soviet da hatsarin jirgin sama. An jefa su daga kabad na musamman.
A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 1941, tsaron Kadarorin tsaron ya amince "umarni don amfani da kwalaben gargajiya na fusata". A cewar ta, a cikin shelves da rarrabuwa, samuwar da horar da rukuni na tanki tare da kwalban ruwa da suka fara, kuma kwalban ne mafi girma daga kudaden PT. Kuma nan bada jimawa ba da kwalabe fara horar da duk ma'aikatan.
A cikin Memoves don magance Tankuna kusa da kibiyoyi, yana nuna alamun m wuraren tankuna, ban da rubutu "bay kwasfa" ko kwalba na yau da kullun "ya bayyana. Kwanan na Amurka ya kamata sun jefar da ɗakin mota a kan rufin, kuma wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai lokacin da tanki ya kusa kusa ko bayan nassi akan mahalli. An shigar da fashin jefa har zuwa 30 m, amma da gaske aka lissafta har 15, mafi girma - 20 m. Jefa kwalabe ya yi nasara daga ramuka da fasa. Candarfin tanki da aka samu "mayaƙai" ciyar da matsakaita na kwalabe 2-3. Aikin su a wajen mafaka sun jagoranci babbar asara a cikin mayaƙa.
Kwalabe sun kasance tare da gurneti. Fightare tankar ta yi irin wannan liyafar: Jean pt-grenades ko daure PT-Grenades ko daure na rumman a cikin gudu na tanki, da kuma bayan rakiyarsa - jefa kwalban a cikin farkawa. Ta wannan hanyar, alal misali, ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1944, talakawa na 2nd Regist na Sashin Hifle R.S. Smishk a fagen fama kusa da dutsen Rogluju a karkashin Yassas a karkashin Yassas ya lalata tanki 6 na Jamusanci. Kwalables na Amurka sun yi nufin cin nasarar wawaye da tsotsa, ƙarfi masu rai a cikin mafaka da jirgin sama a filin ajiye motoci.
Kwalabe da sauri ya zama kayan aiki da aka saba da su. An yi amfani da su sosai a cikin tsarin anti-tanki da kuma shingen jama'a. A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na yaƙe-yaƙe kusa da Moscow, "an yi amfani da filayen". An shirya adaft wuta daga kayan wuta daban-daban kuma an saita wuta zuwa cikin kwalaben "cop". A cikin filayen ma'adinai, kwalabe na gargajiya sun kasance cikin akwati a hade tare da ma'adinan PT. A tsakiyar yakin, aikin ƙirƙirar "harshen wuta Fugas" ya bazu - kusan kwalba 20 da aka ɗora PT akan radius, wanda ya ba da wuta a lokacin fashewa.
"Asusun yaƙin" yana da ban sha'awa. A cewar bayanan hukuma, yayin shekaru yakin da ke tare da taimakonsu, akwai jimlar tankoki 2429, sau tare da kayan kwalliya, 25,47 Motoci, Motoci 738 da kuma motoci na sojoji 738
A farkon yaƙi, wani bindiga mai ban sha'awa na mutum ya bayyana a cikin rkka don jefa kwalabe na gargajiya da taimakon tsagi, da idling, tare da girmamawa na tsagi a cikin ƙasa. Kwalabe don wannan an zaɓi shi da kauri da gilashi mai dorewa. Matsakaicin manufa tare da kwalban irin wannan iyakataccen ya kasance 80 m, matsakaicin - 180 m, mai sauri a lissafin mutane 2 - min. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe kusa da Moscow, reshen bindiga na bindiga yana da kokarin ba da irin wannan m mutum na mutum, na 6-8.
Koyaya, daidaito na "Morthing harbe" ya yi ƙasa, kwalabe an karye a lokacin harbi, saboda haka ba a amfani da wannan hanyar ba a amfani dashi. Mortti kansu sun ci gaba da yawa don jefa masu ɗaukar hoto na Tzsh ko hayaki mai hayaki - lokacin harba daloli ko tsotsa. Kuma yayin yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin Stalgrad a cikin tsire-tsire na Barricade, "in samar da kwatancen '' na ƙirar AP na ma'aikaci Inochna.
Da abin da ake kira kwallayen da Soviet ba su san sanannu ba. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan kwallaye ne, molded daga thermite (baƙin ƙarfe oxide tare da aluminum), mai nauyin 300 g, tare da simintin hatsi mai sauƙi. Lokacin hada su da aka kai 1 min, zafin jiki shine 2000000 ° C. Samun ball na harsashi don sanye da aljihu ko jaka kawai a nannade da takarda; Ya yi fushi da kusan nan take. A bayyane yake cewa irin wannan hanya, ya bambanta da kwalban ɗan sanda, ba a yi amfani da shi ba.
Kuma ta yaya ake batun batun sauran sojoji? A cikin Amurka da aka haramtaccen gurasar Anm-14 tare da rukunin silili da keɓaɓɓun mai nisa na M200-A1. Koyaya, jama'ar Amurkawa sun yi amfani da "Gilashin Gilashin" tare da Nevote na Nesa (tare da Binciken aminci tare da kwalba), an ɗaure shi zuwa kwalba da ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Gaskiya ne, an samar da aikace-aikacen anti-tank na waɗannan gurnon gurneti - waɗanda aka yi niyya ne don ƙonewar wuta, gadoji, jirgin ruwa na katako a duniya, da sauransu.
Koyaya, "Grenades" sunyi amfani da gronades ". Kwalabe tare da phosphorus-dauke da cakuda da ke dauke da Ingila. Kuma sojojin Poland Craiova ne yayin tawaye "a cikin 1944 amfani da" kwalabe "a cikin nau'in tsayewa na bazara.
Kuma ko da a zamaninmu, kwalabe na gajiya na larabci suna da yadu masu tasowa ba kawai da "procesans" ba, amma kuma ba sa da damuwa "masu zanga-zangar".
Felix Leonidov. Mujallar "Mata Makamai" №4, 2000