The whirlpool is an interesting phenomenon that occurs in the rivers, seas, oceans and other reservoirs. In addition, it can be observed in absolutely familiar conditions - for example, when draining the water in the sink or bath. Consider the reasons and the mechanism of such unusual behavior.
How is the whirlpool formed in the sink?
It is worth noting that the waterways in nature and in domestic conditions are different phenomena. If you fill the sink or bath with plenty of water, and then sharply open the drain hole, the liquid will start rotating the spiral. This behavior is also called swirl. The main cause of its occurrence is the movement of molecules, of which water consists.
Two factors affect this process: the speed of movement and viscosity is the flow resistance. As soon as the drain hole is opened, the water molecules that are right above it, begin to quickly move down under the action of gravity. Also, viscosity or internal friction is also characteristic of fluids and gases.
The essence of this phenomenon is that chaotic moving molecules are transferred to the pulse between the layers, thereby equalizing the speed of movement. That is why water in the swirl formed will move horizontally. And as soon as part of the fluid begins to rotate the spiral, all other molecules are involved in this process.
The speed of water particles in the vortex is unequal: the closer to the drain hole, the higher it is, and vice versa. The central part of the whirlpool, which is a funnel, filled with air. With a decrease in the amount of fluid in the sink, this air pole is lowered and lower in the pipe. The whirlwind reaches the peak of its development immediately before the moment when all the water is alive in the hole.
Causes and mechanism of water films in nature
In natural conditions, the whirlpool is the movement of the surface layer of water in a circle, which occurs on certain areas of the pond or the channel stream. This phenomenon has several reasons:
- Merge 2 flows;
- sharp expansion of the bed;
- Flooding obstacles, protrusions of the coast.
When two currents face, a rotational moment is formed on the border of their streams. If the water goes down in his center to the bottom, new flows from the outer mass will be replaced. According to the law of preservation of the impulse, the smaller the rotation radius, the higher the speed of movement of the aqueous streams, as in the case of water drain in the sink. The flow acquires a spiral form, and on the surface of the pond we see a funnel, which is formed by a centrifugal force.
Roots are permanent and seasonal, as well as episodic. In the seas and oceans, they arise as a result of waves (tidal and tidy), which face each other and oncoming flows. The speed of water in such a whirlwind can be quite high. The diameter of the whirlpool also ranges from a pair of centimeters to several kilometers. The biggest funnels are found in the open ocean.
Interesting fact: The most famous waterways in the world and at the same time the fastest flows are Salstraumen and Malstorm (Norway), Old Sow (Canada) and Naruto's waterways (Japan). Water speed in Salstaumen - up to 37 km / h.
It is noteworthy that in the hydrology of relatively large rivers use the term "sugar". This phenomenon, during which the water begins to rotate behind the protrusion of the coast, which goes into the river river. Moreover, if it is the left bank, the rotation occurs counterclockwise, and if the right one is clockwise.
An obstacle to the flow can also serve as an artificial object, for example, a bridge support. And in rapid rivers - even a stone. Saving a diameter of several tens of meters is usually difficult to consider from afar, since the water in it is moving smoothly. In the small sneakers, the funnel is well noticeable due to the rapid movement of water flows.
The whirlpool in water bodies arises as a result of a collision of two flows, a sharp expansion of the bed or obstacle that flows around the streams. They are the cause of the rotational moment, as a result of which the water layers replace each other and move at different speeds along the spiral, forming a funnel. In the sink, water molecules are also moved along the helix under the action of gravity and internal friction.
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